206.4 📌 章末速蚘

  • Influenza A + B: segmented ssRNA orthomyxovirus
  • Antigenic drift (annual) vs antigenic shift (pandemic, Flu A only via reassortment)
  • Clinical: abrupt fever ≥ 39 + headache + myalgia + fatigue (“knocks flat”) + cough
  • High-risk: ≥ 65, < 2, pregnant, chronic disease, obese
  • Complications: viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial (S. aureus PVL+ necrotizing), MI, myocarditis, IAE (pediatric)
  • Treatment: oseltamivir 75 bid × 5d within 48 hr; baloxavir single dose alt; start empirical in hospitalized
  • Pregnancy: oseltamivir safe + recommended
  • Vaccine: universal ≥ 6 mo annual; 2024-2025 trivalent (Yamagata extinct)
  • H5N1 2024: USA dairy cattle outbreak + farmworker cases + first USA death Jan 2025 — pandemic prep alert
  • 盧醫垫 hint: 老/慢病/å­•å©Š/醫護 — push flu vaccine annual + ICU empirical oseltamivir
  • No aspirin in pediatric flu (Reye’s)