10.2 📚 國考版(醫師國考 / PGY OSCE)
10.2.0.1 📌 一頁重點整理 (Cram Sheet)
10.2.0.1.1 🔥 高 yield 5 條
- IOM 2015 報告「Improving Diagnosis in Health Care」
- Big 3 高 stakes errors:Cancer、Vascular、Infection
- Cognitive bias 4 大 + system failures
- Diagnostic time-out 是 prevention 工具
- 每人一生 ≥ 1 次 diagnostic error
10.2.0.2 ⭐ 高 yield 摘要
10.2.0.2.1 IOM 2015 Report 8 大建議(精簡)
- Communication culture
- Improve EHR for diagnosis
- Patient + family integration
- Error reporting system
- Research funding
- Clinician education
- Cognitive reimbursement
- Process performance evaluation
10.2.0.2.3 Big 3 高 stakes
| 類別 | 例 |
|---|---|
| Cancer | Lung、breast、colon、prostate |
| Vascular | MI、stroke、PE、aortic dissection |
| Infection | Sepsis、meningitis、endocarditis |
10.2.0.2.4 Cognitive Biases
- Representativeness
- Availability
- Anchoring
- Premature closure
- Search satisficing
- Confirmation bias
- Diagnostic momentum
10.2.0.4 🎯 自我檢測
- Q: IOM 哪年發 diagnostic error 報告? A: 2015
- Q: Big 3 高 stakes diagnostic errors? A: Cancer、vascular、infection
- Q: Premature closure 是什麼? A: 太早下診斷不再 evaluate alternatives
- Q: Diagnostic time-out 目的? A: Pause 重審,避免 cognitive bias
10.2.0.5 📚 想深入請看
- 醫學生概念 → Ch 10 medstudent.md
- 內專考前版 → Ch 10 specialist.md
- Decision-Making → Ch 4
- Safety → Ch 7
- Harrison 22E 原文 → Ch 10
⚠️ AI 草稿,未經盧醫師驗證。