ð åèç
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è â Measles Triad
- 3 Câs (Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis) + fever in prodrome
- Koplik spots = pathognomonic (buccal mucosa, before rash)
- Maculopapular rash starts face â cephalocaudal spread; confluent
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è â Measles Complications
- Pneumonia #1 cause death
- Otitis media, diarrhea, croup
- SSPE (5-15 yr post-infection, fatal)
- Immune amnesia (lymphocyte memory depletion)
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è â Vitamin A in Measles
- 200,000 IU PO Ã 1, repeat 24 hr
- WHO recommendation
- Reduces mortality
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è â Mumps Parotitis + Complications
- Parotid swelling (uni or bilateral)
- Orchitis (~ 20% post-pubertal males); infertility rare
- Aseptic meningitis 10%
- Pancreatitis, encephalitis, hearing loss rare
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è â Rubella + CRS
- 1st trimester maternal infection = catastrophic
- CRS: hearing loss + cataracts + cardiac (PDA) + microcephaly + ID
- âBlueberry muffin babyâ
- Vaccinate pre-pregnancy
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è â MMR Schedule
- 12-15 mo + 4-6 yr (2-dose series)
- Live attenuated; contraindicated in pregnancy + severe immunocompromise
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è â MMR Efficacy
- Measles + Rubella: 97% after 2 doses
- Mumps: 88% after 2 doses
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è â 2024-2025 Outbreaks
- USA + Europe + Asia rising
- Vaccine hesitancy major driver
- Pediatric deaths reported
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è â Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
- MMR within 72 hr for susceptibles
- Measles IG within 6 days for high-risk (pregnant, immunocompromise, infants)