257.4 📌 章末速蚘

257.4.0.0.1 4 CVD Categories
  • Atherosclerotic (CAD, stroke, PAD), HF (rEF/pEF/mrEF), Arrhythmias (brady/SVT/VT), Structural / Valvular / Cardiomyopathies, Vascular
257.4.0.0.2 4 Cardinal Symptoms
  • Chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope
257.4.0.0.3 Biomarkers
  • hs-cTn (MI; 0/1-hr algorithm)
  • BNP / NT-proBNP (HF)
  • D-dimer (PE/DVT/dissection exclusion)
  • LDL / Non-HDL / ApoB / Lp(a) (lipid risk)
257.4.0.0.4 Risk
  • ASCVD calculator + PREVENT (2023+) + SCORE2
  • Risk enhancers: family hx, ethnicity, CKD, inflammatory, premature menopause, Lp(a), CAC
257.4.0.0.5 Targets
  • LDL: primary < 100 (high-int statin), secondary / very high < 70 (some < 55)
  • BP: < 130/80 most
  • HbA1c: individualized
257.4.0.0.6 2024 CKM Syndrome (AHA)
  • Stages 0-4 cardiac + kidney + metabolic
  • SGLT2i + GLP-1 RA + finerenone + statin cross-system
257.4.0.0.7 Atypical Presentations
  • Women + diabetics + elderly often atypical
257.4.0.0.8 Syncope Red Flags
  • Exertional, family hx sudden death, structural, abnormal ECG, no prodrome
257.4.0.0.9 盧醫垫 hint
  • 內分泌 / 糖尿病 病人 = ALWAYS assess CV risk + ASCVD calculator + lipid + BP control
  • CKM syndrome framework: SGLT2i + GLP-1 RA + finerenone now cross-cardiovascular + renal + diabetes
  • hs-cTn 0/1-hr algorithm: fast triage in chest pain
  • PREVENT calculator 2023+ replacing ASCVD (more accurate, includes CKD + metabolic)
  • Atypical presentations (women + DM + elderly) → lower threshold for workup