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1ïžâ£ Stenotrophomonas Treatment Algorithm
- AST always
- Bacteremia / pneumonia: TMP-SMX first
- TMP-SMX intolerance / allergy: minocycline, levofloxacin
- Severe / refractory: combination (TMP-SMX + minocycline + levo)
- Cefiderocol alternative for difficult cases
- Caveat: line removal critical (biofilm)
2ïžâ£ TMP-SMX Renal Dose Adjustment
- CrCl 15-30: 50% dose reduction
- CrCl < 15: avoid or major reduction + monitor
- Hyperkalemia + acute kidney injury common
- Folate + folinic acid supplementation in long courses
3ïžâ£ Melioidosis in Returned Traveler
- Returning from Thailand / SE Asia / N Australia + sepsis / abscess / chronic pneumonia â èæ
®
- DM patient especially â Thailand has high melioidosis rate
- Blood + abscess culture (mention to lab â Burkholderia pseudomallei BSL-3 careful)
- éå ± (notifiable in endemic regions; bioterror potential in non-endemic)
4ïžâ£ Climate Change + Melioidosis
- Tropical / sub-tropical expansion
- 2021 US outbreak (aromatherapy spray imported)
- 2022-2024 Mississippi / Texas / Caribbean sporadic cases
- WHO + CDC monitoring
- Practitioner awareness + ID consult
5ïžâ£ Cepacia Syndrome in CF
- Acute fulminant pneumonia + sepsis + é« mortality
- Treat: meropenem + TMP-SMX + tobramycin (often combination, even of R drugs synergistic)
- Difficult to eradicate
- Lung transplant â debate; B. multivorans accepted some centers, B. cenocepacia historically contraindicated
- CF community guidelines for B. cepacia colonization
6ïžâ£ ASP in Nonfermenter Era
- Empirical broad cover (pip-tazo + vanco) for severe HAP / sepsis
- Once culture: de-escalate
- For Stenotroph + Burkholderia + Acinetobacter â narrow to TMP-SMX / specific drugs
- Avoid carbapenem é床 use â selecting Stenotroph
7ïžâ£ å¥ä¿ / Taiwan
- Stenotrophomonas + Burkholderia â é«é¢ isolates å¶èŠ
- å¥ä¿ TMP-SMX, minocycline, ceftazidime / mero / cefiderocol å€§å€ covered ID indication
- Melioidosis çœèŠ Taiwan but tropical south occasional
- æ
é returnees + DM + sepsis â consider
8ïžâ£ Vaccine + Future
- Melioidosis vaccine (subunit + live attenuated) Phase 2
- Stenotroph + Burkholderia â no vaccine candidate developed
- New antibiotics: cefiderocol, plazomicin coverage of these organisms 確 evaluated