222.2 📚 國考版

222.2.0.1 必背 — Ebola Species

• 6 species — Zaire most deadly (50-90% mortality)
• Sudan ebolavirus 2nd most concerning
• Reston (non-pathogenic to humans)

222.2.0.2 必背 — Reservoir

• Fruit bats (Rousettus + others) — Ebola + Marburg
• Non-human primates intermediate

222.2.0.3 必背 — Transmission

• Direct body fluid contact
• Sexual transmission post-recovery (weeks-months)
• Vertical
• Healthcare-associated

222.2.0.4 必背 — Clinical Phases

1. Febrile (days 1-5)
2. GI (vomiting + diarrhea + dehydration)
3. Hemorrhagic (~ 50% severe cases)
4. Shock + multi-organ failure

222.2.0.5 必背 — Treatment

• Supportive care foundation
• Inmazeb (REGN-EB3) + Ebanga (mAb114) — FDA 2020 — first effective specific treatments
• Remdesivir less effective than mAbs (PALM trial)

222.2.0.6 必背 — Vaccines

• Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) — single dose, ring vaccination strategy, Zaire only
• Zabdeno + Mvabea (Janssen) — 2-dose heterologous prime-boost preventive
• WHO stockpile for emergency

222.2.0.7 必背 — Marburg

• Same family (Filoviridae)
• Rousettus aegyptiacus (cave-dwelling fruit bat) reservoir
• 2024 Rwanda outbreak ongoing
• No licensed vaccine; candidates in 2025 emergency rollout
• Similar clinical to Ebola; mortality 23-90%

222.2.0.8 必背 — Post-Ebola Syndrome

• Survivors
• Uveitis, arthralgia, neuro, hearing loss
• Viral persistence in immune-privileged (eye, brain, testis)
• Sexual transmission risk

222.2.0.9 必背 — Infection Control

• BSL-4 for handling
• Strict PPE + monitored donning/doffing
• Safe burial practices
• Contact tracing + monitoring
• Ring vaccination

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