226.2 ð åèç
226.2.0.1 å¿ è â 4 Parasite Categories
- Protozoa: malaria, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Entamoeba, Giardia, Toxo
- Trematodes: Schistosoma, Fasciola, Paragonimus, Clonorchis
- Cestodes: Taenia, Echinococcus
- Nematodes: Ascaris, hookworm, Strongyloides, Filariae, Onchocerca
226.2.0.2 å¿ è â Eosinophilia + Parasites
- Tissue invasion / helminth migration
- Strongyloides, Schistosoma, Toxocara, Trichinella, Filariae, Ascaris, hookworm
- Differential: drugs, allergy, asthma, ABPA, EGPA, neoplasm
226.2.0.3 å¿ è â Diagnostic Tests
| Test | Targets |
|---|---|
| Stool O+P Ã 3 days | Intestinal protozoa + helminth eggs |
| Stool antigen | Giardia, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium |
| Blood smear (thick + thin) | Malaria, Babesia, microfilariae |
| Serology | Toxo, Strongyloides, Schistosoma, cysticercosis, Echinococcus, Chagas |
| PCR | Multiple parasites |
| Tissue biopsy | Leishmania, cysticercosis, Echinococcus |
| Imaging | Cysts, abscesses |
226.2.0.4 å¿ è â Key Antiparasitic Drugs
| Drug | Targets |
|---|---|
| Artemisinin (ACT) | Malaria (first-line uncomplicated P. falciparum) |
| IV artesunate | Severe malaria |
| Chloroquine | P. vivax / ovale / malariae (chloroquine-sensitive) |
| Primaquine / Tafenoquine | P. vivax / ovale radical cure (G6PD test required) |
| Mefloquine / Doxycycline / Malarone | Malaria prophylaxis |
| Metronidazole / Tinidazole | Entamoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas |
| Nitazoxanide | Cryptosporidium, Giardia, broad |
| Pentavalent antimony | Leishmaniasis |
| Liposomal amphotericin B | Visceral Leishmaniasis |
| Miltefosine | Leishmaniasis, free-living amebae |
| Albendazole | Nematodes, Echinococcus, neurocysticercosis |
| Ivermectin | Strongyloides, Onchocerca, Filariasis, scabies (broad) |
| Praziquantel | Schistosoma, trematodes, Taenia, cysticercosis |
| Benznidazole / Nifurtimox | Chagas disease |
| Fexinidazole / Acoziborole | African Trypanosomiasis |
| TMP-SMX | Toxo (alt), PJP, Cyclospora |
| Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine + Leucovorin | Toxoplasmosis |