370 Ch 369. Movement Disorders (Tremor, Dystonia, Chorea, Tics, Myoclonus)

Movement disorders = neurological conditions characterized by involuntary movements (hyperkinetic) or paucity of movement (hypokinetic — covered in Ch379 Parkinson)；hyperkinetic categories: tremor (rhythmic oscillation), dystonia (sustained muscle contraction → twisting posture), chorea (irregular flowing movements), athetosis (slow writhing), ballism (high-amplitude flinging), myoclonus (sudden jerks), tics (stereotyped, suppressible, urge), stereotypies (repetitive purposeless), akathisia (restlessness), restless legs syndrome；tremor types: rest (Parkinson), postural (essential, physiological), kinetic/intention (cerebellar), task-specific (writing)；essential tremor = most common adult movement disorder; Huntington disease = AD, CAG repeat in HTT, chorea + cognitive + psychiatric; dystonia primary vs secondary; Tourette syndrome = motor + vocal tics in childhood-onset；treatment: propranolol/primidone (essential tremor), DBS, botulinum toxin (focal dystonia), levodopa (DRD), tetrabenazine/deutetrabenazine/valbenazine (chorea, tardive)。