265 Ch 264. Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

Most common sustained arrhythmia (~ 38M globally; lifetime risk 1 in 4-5); stroke risk 5× higher; rate vs rhythm control + CHA2DS2-VASc stroke risk + HAS-BLED bleed risk + DOAC preferred over warfarin (except mechanical valve / moderate-severe MS); catheter ablation early (CASTLE-HF, CABANA, EAST-AFNET 4 trials); LAA occlusion (Watchman, Amulet) for anticoagulation-ineligible; 2023 ACC/AHA + 2024 ESC AF guidelines。