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1ïžâ£ Taiwan TB Epidemiology
- 5000-6000 cases/yr (declining but persistent)
- èå + reactivation (è幎 + æ
¢ç
)
- ç§»æ° + å€ç±åå·¥ contributing
- å
¬è²» TB clinic + DOT (Taiwan CDC strict adherence)
- LTBI screening in æ
¢ç
/ immuno candidates
- ç§é«åž« hint: ç³å°¿ç
+ æ
¢æ§ cough / è幎 + é«éæžèŒ + CXR ç°åžž â suspect TB ALWAYS, IGRA + ç° AFB
2ïžâ£ DM + TB
- DM increases TB risk 2-3Ã and worsens outcome
- åæ HbA1c management improves TB outcome
- TB treatment may worsen glycemia (PZA, INH)
- Rifampin reduces sulfonylurea + DPP-4 inhibitor levels â adjust DM treatment
3ïžâ£ Steroid + TB Meningitis
- Dexamethasone 0.4 mg/kg/d IV tapering à 4 wk â 0.1 mg/kg/d à 4 wk â PO taper à 4 wk
- Reduces mortality (Cochrane meta-analysis)
- Reduces neurologic morbidity
- Start with TB Tx initiation
4ïžâ£ Pott Disease Management
- MRI spine
- Biopsy + culture
- 12 months TB Tx
- Surgical: spinal instability, neurologic deficit, cold abscess drainage
- Bracing during healing
- Long follow-up
5ïžâ£ IRIS (Immune Reconstitution)
- HIV + TB + ART â IRIS in 10-30%
- Worsening fever, LAP, pulmonary infiltrates, neurologic
- Treatment: continue TB + ART, add steroid for severe (especially CNS)
- Severe IRIS rare but life-threatening
6ïžâ£ DOT vs Self-Administered
- DOT preferred for high-risk: high transmission, prior Tx failure, HIV+, MDR-TB, homeless, mental illness, substance abuse
- vDOT (video) â equivalent to in-person for compliant patients
- Self-administered acceptable for low-risk + standard regimens
8ïžâ£ å¥ä¿ / Taiwan TB Program
- å
¬è²» TB treatment + DOT
- LTBI screening + Tx for high-risk
- BCG at birth (å
¬è²»)
- Drug supply guaranteed
- éå ± mandatory
9ïžâ£ Future Directions
- M72/AS01E Phase 3 â 50% efficacy in preventing reactivation
- AI-guided CXR interpretation
- Point-of-care diagnostics
- Universal BPaL/BPaLM availability
- Shorter regimens for drug-sensitive (4-month standard)