Harrison 22E â äžé段èªåžææ
åºèš
0.1
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èŠæ Œåºæº
0.3
ç®åæ¶éç« ç¯
0.3.1
PART 1 The Profession of MedicineïŒ13 ç« å®æ â ïŒ
0.3.2
PART 2 Cardinal ManifestationsïŒççåžïŒ
ð å šéšå®æ â 57/57
ïŒ
0.3.3
PART 3 PharmacologyïŒå®æ â 2/2ïŒ
0.3.4
PART 4 Oncology and HematologyïŒå®æ â 51/51ïŒ
0.3.5
PART 12 Endocrinology and MetabolismïŒå®æ â 35/35ïŒ
0.3.6
PART 13 Neurologic DisordersïŒç¥ç¶åžïŒå®æ â 29/29ïŒ
0.3.7
PART 14-17 粟ç¥ç§ / äžæ¯èç°å¢é«åž / éºå³èé«åž / å šçå¥åº·ïŒå®æ â 26/26ïŒ
0.4
åŸçºèšç«
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䜿çšå»ºè°
0.6
èŽè¬èå 責è²æ
I PART 1 è¡é«ä¹é The Profession of Medicine
1
Ch 1. The Practice of Medicine
1.1
ð é«åžçç
1.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
1.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
2
Ch 2. Promoting Good Health
2.1
ð é«åžçç
2.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
2.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
3
Ch 3. Vaccine Opposition and Hesitancy
3.1
ð é«åžçç
3.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
3.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
4
Ch 4. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
4.1
ð é«åžçç
4.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
4.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
5
Ch 5. Precision Medicine and Clinical Care
5.1
ð é«åžçç
5.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
5.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
6
Ch 6. Screening and Prevention of Disease
6.1
ð é«åžçç
6.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
6.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
7
Ch 7. The Safety and Quality of Health Care
7.1
ð é«åžçç
7.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
7.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
8
Ch 8. The Value of the Physical Examination in Modern Medicine
8.1
ð é«åžçç
8.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
8.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
9
Ch 9. Physician Well-Being
9.1
ð é«åžçç
9.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
9.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
10
Ch 10. Diagnosis: Reducing Errors and Improving Quality
10.1
ð é«åžçç
10.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
10.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
11
Ch 11. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
11.1
ð é«åžçç
11.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
11.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
12
Ch 12. Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
12.1
ð é«åžçç
12.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
12.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
13
Ch 13. Palliative and End-of-Life Care
13.1
ð é«åžçç
13.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
13.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
II PART 2 äž»èŠèšåºè¡šçŸ Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases
14
Ch 14. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management
14.1
ð é«åžçç
14.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
14.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
15
Ch 15. Chest Discomfort
15.1
ð é«åžçç
15.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
15.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
16
Ch 16. Abdominal Pain
16.1
ð é«åžçç
16.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
16.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
17
Ch 17. Headache
17.1
ð é«åžçç
17.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
17.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
18
Ch 18. Low Back Pain
18.1
ð é«åžçç
18.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
18.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
19
Ch 19. Neck Pain
19.1
ð é«åžçç
19.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
19.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
20
Ch 20. Fever
20.1
ð é«åžçç
20.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
20.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
21
Ch 21. Fever and Rash
21.1
ð é«åžçç
21.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
21.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
22
Ch 22. Fever of Unknown Origin
22.1
ð é«åžçç
22.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
22.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
23
Ch 23. Syncope
23.1
ð é«åžçç
23.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
23.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
24
Ch 24. Dizziness and Vertigo
24.1
ð é«åžçç
24.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
24.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
25
Ch 25. Fatigue
25.1
ð é«åžçç
25.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
25.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
26
Ch 26. Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis
26.1
ð é«åžçç
26.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
26.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
27
Ch 27. Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss
27.1
ð é«åžçç
27.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
27.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
28
Ch 28. Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls
28.1
ð é«åžçç
28.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
28.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
29
Ch 29. Confusion and Delirium
29.1
ð é«åžçç
29.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
29.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
30
Ch 30. Coma
30.1
ð é«åžçç
30.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
30.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
31
Ch 31. Dementia
31.1
ð é«åžçç
31.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
31.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
32
Ch 32. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Cognitive Disorders
32.1
ð é«åžçç
32.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
32.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
33
Ch 33. Sleep Disorders
33.1
ð é«åžçç
33.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
33.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
34
Ch 34. Disorders of the Eye
34.1
ð é«åžçç
34.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
34.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
35
Ch 35. Disorders of Smell and Taste
35.1
ð é«åžçç
35.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
35.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
36
Ch 36. Disorders of Hearing
36.1
ð é«åžçç
36.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
36.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
37
Ch 37. Upper Respiratory Symptoms, Including Earache, Sinus Symptoms, and Sore Throat
37.1
ð é«åžçç
37.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
37.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
38
Ch 38. Oral Manifestations of Disease
38.1
ð é«åžçç
38.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
38.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
39
Ch 39. Dyspnea
39.1
ð é«åžçç
39.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
39.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
40
Ch 40. Cough
40.1
ð é«åžçç
40.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
40.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
41
Ch 41. Hemoptysis
41.1
ð é«åžçç
41.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
41.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
42
Ch 42. Hypoxia and Cyanosis
42.1
ð é«åžçç
42.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
42.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
43
Ch 43. Edema
43.1
ð é«åžçç
43.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
43.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
44
Ch 44. Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur
44.1
ð é«åžçç
44.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
44.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
45
Ch 45. Palpitations
45.1
ð é«åžçç
45.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
45.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
46
Ch 46. Exercise Intolerance
46.1
ð é«åžçç
46.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
46.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
47
Ch 47. Dysphagia
47.1
ð é«åžçç
47.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
47.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
48
Ch 48. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
48.1
ð é«åžçç
48.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
48.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
49
Ch 49. Diarrhea and Constipation
49.1
ð é«åžçç
49.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
49.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
50
Ch 50. Unintentional Weight Loss
50.1
ð é«åžçç
50.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
50.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
51
Ch 51. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
51.1
ð é«åžçç
51.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
51.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
52
Ch 52. Jaundice
52.1
ð é«åžçç
52.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
52.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
53
Ch 53. Abdominal Swelling and Ascites
53.1
ð é«åžçç
53.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
53.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
54
Ch 54. Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
54.1
ð é«åžçç
54.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
54.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
55
Ch 55. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
55.1
ð é«åžçç
55.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
55.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
56
Ch 56. Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
56.1
ð é«åžçç
56.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
56.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
57
Ch 57. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
57.1
ð é«åžçç
57.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
57.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
58
Ch 58. Acidosis and Alkalosis
58.1
ð é«åžçç
58.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
58.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
59
Ch 59. Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder
59.1
ð é«åžçç
59.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
59.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
60
Ch 60. Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders
60.1
ð é«åžçç
60.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
60.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
61
Ch 61. Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
61.1
ð é«åžçç
61.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
61.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
62
Ch 62. Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases
62.1
ð é«åžçç
62.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
62.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
63
Ch 63. Cutaneous Drug Reactions
63.1
ð é«åžçç
63.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
63.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
64
Ch 64. Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Sunlight
64.1
ð é«åžçç
64.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
64.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
65
Ch 65. Interpreting Peripheral Blood Smears
65.1
ð é«åžçç
65.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
65.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
66
Ch 66. Anemia and Polycythemia
66.1
ð é«åžçç
66.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
66.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
67
Ch 67. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
67.1
ð é«åžçç
67.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
67.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
68
Ch 68. Primary and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
68.1
ð é«åžçç
68.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
68.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
69
Ch 69. Bleeding and Thrombosis
69.1
ð é«åžçç
69.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
69.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
70
Ch 70. Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen
70.1
ð é«åžçç
70.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
70.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
III PART 3 èšåºè¥çåž Pharmacology
71
Ch 71. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology
71.1
ð é«åžçç
71.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
71.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
72
Ch 72. Pharmacogenomics
72.1
ð é«åžçç
72.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
72.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
IV PART 4 è «ç€åžèè¡æ¶²åž Oncology and Hematology
73
Ch 73. Approach to the Patient with Cancer
73.1
ð é«åžçç
73.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
73.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
74
Ch 74. Symptom Control in Patients with Cancer
74.1
ð é«åžçç
74.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
74.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
75
Ch 75. Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
75.1
ð é«åžçç
75.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
75.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
76
Ch 76. Cancer Genetics
76.1
ð é«åžçç
76.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
76.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
77
Ch 77. Cancer Cell Biology
77.1
ð é«åžçç
77.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
77.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
78
Ch 78. Principles of Cancer Treatment
78.1
ð é«åžçç
78.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
78.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
79
Ch 79. Infections in Patients with Cancer
79.1
ð é«åžçç
79.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
79.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
80
Ch 80. Oncologic Emergencies
80.1
ð é«åžçç
80.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
80.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
81
Ch 81. Cancer of the Skin
81.1
ð é«åžçç
81.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
81.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
82
Ch 82. Head and Neck Cancer
82.1
ð é«åžçç
82.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
82.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
83
Ch 83. Neoplasms of the Lung
83.1
ð é«åžçç
83.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
83.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
84
Ch 84. Breast Cancer
84.1
ð é«åžçç
84.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
84.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
85
Ch 85. Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
85.1
ð é«åžçç
85.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
85.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
86
Ch 86. Colorectal Cancer
86.1
ð é«åžçç
86.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
86.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
87
Ch 87. Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree
87.1
ð é«åžçç
87.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
87.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
88
Ch 88. Pancreatic Cancer
88.1
ð é«åžçç
88.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
88.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
89
Ch 89. Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
89.1
ð é«åžçç
89.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
89.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
90
Ch 90. Renal Cell Carcinoma
90.1
ð é«åžçç
90.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
90.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
91
Ch 91. Cancer of the Bladder and Urinary Tract
91.1
ð é«åžçç
91.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
91.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
92
Ch 92. Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate
92.1
ð é«åžçç
92.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
92.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
93
Ch 93. Testicular Cancer
93.1
ð é«åžçç
93.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
93.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
94
Ch 94. Gynecologic Malignancies
94.1
ð é«åžçç
94.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
94.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
95
Ch 95. Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System
95.1
ð é«åžçç
95.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
95.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
96
Ch 96. Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases
96.1
ð é«åžçç
96.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
96.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
97
Ch 97. Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
97.1
ð é«åžçç
97.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
97.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
98
Ch 98. Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
98.1
ð é«åžçç
98.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
98.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
99
Ch 99. Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis
99.1
ð é«åžçç
99.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
99.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
100
Ch 100. Cancer Survivorship and the Long-Term Impact of Cancer and Its Treatment
100.1
ð é«åžçç
100.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
100.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
101
Ch 101. Hematopoietic Stem Cells
101.1
ð é«åžçç
101.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
101.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
102
Ch 102. Iron Deficiency and Other Acquired Anemias Due to Decreased Erythrocyte Production
102.1
ð é«åžçç
102.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
102.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
103
Ch 103. Disorders of Hemoglobin
103.1
ð é«åžçç
103.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
103.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
104
Ch 104. Megaloblastic Anemias
104.1
ð é«åžçç
104.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
104.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
105
Ch 105. Hemolytic Anemias
105.1
ð é«åžçç
105.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
105.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
106
Ch 106. Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss
106.1
ð é«åžçç
106.2
ð åèç
106.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
106.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
107
Ch 107. Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Including Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia
107.1
ð é«åžçç
107.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
107.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
108
Ch 108. Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
108.1
ð é«åžçç
108.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
108.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
109
Ch 109. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
109.1
ð é«åžçç
109.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
109.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
110
Ch 110. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
110.1
ð é«åžçç
110.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
110.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
111
Ch 111. Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
111.1
ð é«åžçç
111.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
111.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
112
Ch 112. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
112.1
ð é«åžçç
112.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
112.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
113
Ch 113. Non-Hodgkinâs Lymphoma
113.1
ð é«åžçç
113.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
113.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
114
Ch 114. Hodgkinâs Lymphoma
114.1
ð é«åžçç
114.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
114.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
115
Ch 115. Less Common Lymphoid and Myeloid Malignancies
115.1
ð é«åžçç
115.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
115.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
116
Ch 116. Plasma Cell Disorders
116.1
ð é«åžçç
116.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
116.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
117
Ch 117. Amyloidosis
117.1
ð é«åžçç
117.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
117.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
118
Ch 118. Transfusion Therapy and Biology
118.1
ð é«åžçç
118.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
118.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
119
Ch 119. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
119.1
ð é«åžçç
119.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
119.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
120
Ch 120. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall
120.1
ð é«åžçç
120.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
120.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
121
Ch 121. Coagulation Disorders
121.1
ð é«åžçç
121.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
121.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
122
Ch 122. Arterial and Venous Thrombosis
122.1
ð é«åžçç
122.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
122.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
123
Ch 123. Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs
123.1
ð é«åžçç
123.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
123.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
V PART 5 ææç Infectious Diseases
124
Ch 124. Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease
124.1
ð é«åžçç
124.2
ð åèç
124.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
124.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
125
Ch 125. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
125.1
ð é«åžçç
125.2
ð åèç
125.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
125.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
126
Ch 126. Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease
126.1
ð é«åžçç
126.2
ð åèç
126.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
126.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
127
Ch 127. Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient
127.1
ð é«åžçç
127.2
ð åèç
127.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
127.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
128
Ch 128. Principles of Immunization
128.1
ð é«åžçç
128.2
ð åèç
128.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
128.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
129
Ch 129. Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use
129.1
ð é«åžçç
129.2
ð åèç
129.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
129.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
130
Ch 130. Health Recommendations for International Travel
130.1
ð é«åžçç
130.2
ð åèç
130.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
130.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
131
Ch 131. Pneumonia
131.1
ð é«åžçç
131.2
ð åèç
131.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
131.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
132
Ch 132. Lung Abscess
132.1
ð é«åžçç
132.2
ð åèç
132.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
132.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
133
Ch 133. Infective Endocarditis
133.1
ð é«åžçç
133.2
ð åèç
133.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
133.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
134
Ch 134. Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues (SSTI)
134.1
ð é«åžçç
134.2
ð åèç
134.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
134.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
135
Ch 135. Infectious Arthritis
135.1
ð é«åžçç
135.2
ð åèç
135.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
135.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
136
Ch 136. Osteomyelitis
136.1
ð é«åžçç
136.2
ð åèç
136.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
136.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
137
Ch 137. Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses
137.1
ð é«åžçç
137.2
ð åèç
137.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
137.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
138
Ch 138. Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning
138.1
ð é«åžçç
138.2
ð åèç
138.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
138.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
139
Ch 139. Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI)
139.1
ð é«åžçç
139.2
ð åèç
139.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
139.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
140
Ch 140. Urinary Tract Infections: Cystitis, Prostatitis, Pyelonephritis
140.1
ð é«åžçç
140.2
ð åèç
140.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
140.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
141
Ch 141. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach
141.1
ð é«åžçç
141.2
ð åèç
141.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
141.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
142
Ch 142. Encephalitis
142.1
ð é«åžçç
142.2
ð åèç
142.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
142.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
143
Ch 143. Acute Meningitis
143.1
ð é«åžçç
143.2
ð åèç
143.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
143.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
144
Ch 144. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
144.1
ð é«åžçç
144.2
ð åèç
144.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
144.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
145
Ch 145. Brain Abscess and Empyema
145.1
ð é«åžçç
145.2
ð åèç
145.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
145.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
146
Ch 146. Infectious Complications of Bites
146.1
ð é«åžçç
146.2
ð åèç
146.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
146.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
147
Ch 147. Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI / HCAI)
147.1
ð é«åžçç
147.2
ð åèç
147.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
147.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
148
Ch 148. Infections in Transplant Recipients
148.1
ð é«åžçç
148.2
ð åèç
148.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
148.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
149
Ch 149. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections
149.1
ð é«åžçç
149.2
ð åèç
149.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
149.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
150
Ch 150. Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
150.1
ð é«åžçç
150.2
ð åèç
150.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
150.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
151
Ch 151. Pneumococcal Infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
151.1
ð é«åžçç
151.2
ð åèç
151.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
151.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
152
Ch 152. Staphylococcal Infections
152.1
ð é«åžçç
152.2
ð åèç
152.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
152.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
153
Ch 153. Streptococcal Infections
153.1
ð é«åžçç
153.2
ð åèç
153.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
153.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
154
Ch 154. Enterococcal Infections
154.1
ð é«åžçç
154.2
ð åèç
154.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
154.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
155
Ch 155. Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections
155.1
ð é«åžçç
155.2
ð åèç
155.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
155.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
156
Ch 156. Listeria monocytogenes Infections
156.1
ð é«åžçç
156.2
ð åèç
156.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
156.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
157
Ch 157. Tetanus
157.1
ð é«åžçç
157.2
ð åèç
157.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
157.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
158
Ch 158. Botulism
158.1
ð é«åžçç
158.2
ð åèç
158.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
158.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
159
Ch 159. Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections
159.1
ð é«åžçç
159.2
ð åèç
159.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
159.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
160
Ch 160. Clostridioides difficile Infections (CDI)
160.1
ð é«åžçç
160.2
ð åèç
160.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
160.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
161
Ch 161. Meningococcal Infections
161.1
ð é«åžçç
161.2
ð åèç
161.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
161.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
162
Ch 162. Gonococcal Infections
162.1
ð é«åžçç
162.2
ð åèç
162.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
162.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
163
Ch 163. Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
163.1
ð é«åžçç
163.2
ð åèç
163.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
163.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
164
Ch 164. HACEK and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
164.1
ð é«åžçç
164.2
ð åèç
164.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
164.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
165
Ch 165. Legionella Infections
165.1
ð é«åžçç
165.2
ð åèç
165.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
165.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
166
Ch 166. Approach to Acute Infectious Diarrhea
166.1
ð é«åžçç
166.2
ð åèç
166.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
166.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
167
Ch 167. Escherichia coli and Other Enterobacteriaceae
167.1
ð é«åžçç
167.2
ð åèç
167.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
167.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
168
Ch 168. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Other Enterobacterales
168.1
ð é«åžçç
168.2
ð åèç
168.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
168.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
169
Ch 169. Salmonellosis
169.1
ð é«åžçç
169.2
ð åèç
169.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
169.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
170
Ch 170. Shigellosis
170.1
ð é«åžçç
170.2
ð åèç
170.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
170.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
171
Ch 171. Campylobacter and Related Species
171.1
ð é«åžçç
171.2
ð åèç
171.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
171.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
172
Ch 172. Helicobacter pylori Infections
172.1
ð é«åžçç
172.2
ð åèç
172.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
172.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
173
Ch 173. Vibrio cholerae and Other Vibrios
173.1
ð é«åžçç
173.2
ð åèç
173.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
173.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
174
Ch 174. Yersinia Infections (Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis)
174.1
ð é«åžçç
174.2
ð åèç
174.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
174.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
175
Ch 175. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
175.1
ð é«åžçç
175.2
ð åèç
175.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
175.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
176
Ch 176. Acinetobacter Infections
176.1
ð é«åžçç
176.2
ð åèç
176.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
176.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
177
Ch 177. Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia, and Other Nonfermenters
177.1
ð é«åžçç
177.2
ð åèç
177.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
177.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
178
Ch 178. Bordetella Infections
178.1
ð é«åžçç
178.2
ð åèç
178.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
178.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
179
Ch 179. Anaerobic Bacterial Infections
179.1
ð é«åžçç
179.2
ð åèç
179.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
179.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
180
Ch 180. Nocardia and Actinomyces
180.1
ð é«åžçç
180.2
ð åèç
180.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
180.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
181
Ch 181. Syphilis
181.1
ð é«åžçç
181.2
ð åèç
181.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
181.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
182
Ch 182. Endemic Treponematoses (Yaws, Bejel, Pinta)
182.1
ð é«åžçç
182.2
ð åèç
182.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
182.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
183
Ch 183. Leptospirosis
183.1
ð é«åžçç
183.2
ð åèç
183.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
183.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
184
Ch 184. Relapsing Fever
184.1
ð é«åžçç
184.2
ð åèç
184.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
184.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
185
Ch 185. Lyme Borreliosis
185.1
ð é«åžçç
185.2
ð åèç
185.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
185.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
186
Ch 186. Rickettsial Diseases
186.1
ð é«åžçç
186.2
ð åèç
186.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
186.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
187
Ch 187. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Infections
187.1
ð é«åžçç
187.2
ð åèç
187.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
187.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
188
Ch 188. Q Fever
188.1
ð é«åžçç
188.2
ð åèç
188.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
188.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
189
Ch 189. Mycoplasma Infections
189.1
ð é«åžçç
189.2
ð åèç
189.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
189.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
190
Ch 190. Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
190.1
ð é«åžçç
190.2
ð åèç
190.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
190.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
191
Ch 191. Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila psittaci
191.1
ð é«åžçç
191.2
ð åèç
191.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
191.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
192
Ch 192. Antimycobacterial Agents
192.1
ð é«åžçç
192.2
ð åèç
192.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
192.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
193
Ch 193. Tuberculosis
193.1
ð é«åžçç
193.2
ð åèç
193.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
193.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
194
Ch 194. Leprosy (Hansenâs Disease)
194.1
ð é«åžçç
194.2
ð åèç
194.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
194.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
195
Ch 195. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
195.1
ð é«åžçç
195.2
ð åèç
195.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
195.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
196
Ch 196. Antiviral Agents (Non-HIV, Non-Hepatitis)
196.1
ð é«åžçç
196.2
ð åèç
196.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
196.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
197
Ch 197. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
197.1
ð é«åžçç
197.2
ð åèç
197.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
197.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
198
Ch 198. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
198.1
ð é«åžçç
198.2
ð åèç
198.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
198.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
199
Ch 199. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
199.1
ð é«åžçç
199.2
ð åèç
199.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
199.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
200
Ch 200. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
200.1
ð é«åžçç
200.2
ð åèç
200.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
200.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
201
Ch 201. Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8
201.1
ð é«åžçç
201.2
ð åèç
201.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
201.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
202
Ch 202. Smallpox, Mpox, and Other Poxviruses
202.1
ð é«åžçç
202.2
ð åèç
202.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
202.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
203
Ch 203. Parvovirus B19 Infections
203.1
ð é«åžçç
203.2
ð åèç
203.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
203.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
204
Ch 204. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
204.1
ð é«åžçç
204.2
ð åèç
204.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
204.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
205
Ch 205. Common Respiratory Viruses
205.1
ð é«åžçç
205.2
ð åèç
205.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
205.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
206
Ch 206. Influenza
206.1
ð é«åžçç
206.2
ð åèç
206.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
206.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
207
Ch 207. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
207.1
ð é«åžçç
207.2
ð åèç
207.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
207.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
208
Ch 208. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
208.1
ð é«åžçç
208.2
ð åèç
208.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
208.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
209
Ch 209. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
209.1
ð é«åžçç
209.2
ð åèç
209.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
209.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
210
Ch 210. Adenoviruses and Polyomaviruses (BK, JC, Merkel)
210.1
ð é«åžçç
210.2
ð åèç
210.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
210.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
211
Ch 211. Enterovirus Infections
211.1
ð é«åžçç
211.2
ð åèç
211.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
211.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
212
Ch 212. Hepatitis A Virus
212.1
ð é«åžçç
212.2
ð åèç
212.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
212.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
213
Ch 213. Hepatitis B Virus
213.1
ð é«åžçç
213.2
ð åèç
213.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
213.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
214
Ch 214. Hepatitis C Virus
214.1
ð é«åžçç
214.2
ð åèç
214.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
214.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
215
Ch 215. Hepatitis D and Hepatitis E
215.1
ð é«åžçç
215.2
ð åèç
215.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
215.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
216
Ch 216. HIV â Epidemiology, Virology, Pathogenesis
216.1
ð é«åžçç
216.2
ð åèç
216.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
216.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
217
Ch 217. HIV Antiretroviral Therapy + Clinical Management
217.1
ð é«åžçç
217.2
ð åèç
217.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
217.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
218
Ch 218. HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections
218.1
ð é«åžçç
218.2
ð åèç
218.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
218.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
219
Ch 219. Dengue Virus
219.1
ð é«åžçç
219.2
ð åèç
219.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
219.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
220
Ch 220. Zika Virus and Chikungunya Virus
220.1
ð é«åžçç
220.2
ð åèç
220.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
220.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
221
Ch 221. Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile, and Other Flaviviruses
221.1
ð é«åžçç
221.2
ð åèç
221.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
221.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
222
Ch 222. Ebola and Marburg Viruses (Filoviridae)
222.1
ð é«åžçç
222.2
ð åèç
222.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
222.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
223
Ch 223. Lassa Fever and Other Arenaviruses
223.1
ð é«åžçç
223.2
ð åèç
223.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
223.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
224
Ch 224. Hantavirus Infections (HFRS + HPS)
224.1
ð é«åžçç
224.2
ð åèç
224.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
224.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
225
Ch 225. Rabies and Other Rhabdoviruses
225.1
ð é«åžçç
225.2
ð åèç
225.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
225.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
226
Ch 226. Approach to Parasitic Infections + Antiparasitic Agents
226.1
ð é«åžçç
226.2
ð åèç
226.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
226.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
227
Ch 227. Malaria
227.1
ð é«åžçç
227.2
ð åèç
227.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
227.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
228
Ch 228. Babesiosis
228.1
ð é«åžçç
228.2
ð åèç
228.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
228.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
229
Ch 229. Leishmaniasis
229.1
ð é«åžçç
229.2
ð åèç
229.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
229.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
230
Ch 230. African Trypanosomiasis
230.1
ð é«åžçç
230.2
ð åèç
230.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
230.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
231
Ch 231. Chagas Disease
231.1
ð é«åžçç
231.2
ð åèç
231.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
231.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
232
Ch 232. Toxoplasmosis
232.1
ð é«åžçç
232.2
ð åèç
232.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
232.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
233
Ch 233. Intestinal Protozoa
233.1
ð é«åžçç
233.2
ð åèç
233.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
233.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
234
Ch 234. Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)
234.1
ð é«åžçç
234.2
ð åèç
234.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
234.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
235
Ch 235. Free-Living Amebae
235.1
ð é«åžçç
235.2
ð åèç
235.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
235.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
236
Ch 236. Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections
236.1
ð é«åžçç
236.2
ð åèç
236.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
236.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
237
Ch 237. Cestode Infections + Cysticercosis
237.1
ð é«åžçç
237.2
ð åèç
237.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
237.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
238
Ch 238. Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH)
238.1
ð é«åžçç
238.2
ð åèç
238.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
238.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
239
Ch 239. Filariasis
239.1
ð é«åžçç
239.2
ð åèç
239.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
239.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
240
Ch 240. Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematodes
240.1
ð é«åžçç
240.2
ð åèç
240.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
240.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
241
Ch 241. Antifungal Agents
241.1
ð é«åžçç
241.2
ð åèç
241.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
241.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
242
Ch 242. Candidiasis
242.1
ð é«åžçç
242.2
ð åèç
242.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
242.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
243
Ch 243. Aspergillosis
243.1
ð é«åžçç
243.2
ð åèç
243.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
243.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
244
Ch 244. Cryptococcosis
244.1
ð é«åžçç
244.2
ð åèç
244.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
244.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
245
Ch 245. Histoplasmosis
245.1
ð é«åžçç
245.2
ð åèç
245.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
245.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
246
Ch 246. Blastomycosis
246.1
ð é«åžçç
246.2
ð åèç
246.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
247
Ch 247. Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)
247.1
ð é«åžçç
247.2
ð åèç
247.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
248
Ch 248. Paracoccidioidomycosis + Talaromycosis
248.1
ð é«åžçç
248.2
ð åèç
248.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
249
Ch 249. Sporotrichosis, Chromoblastomycosis, and Mycetoma
249.1
ð é«åžçç
249.2
ð åèç
249.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
250
Ch 250. Mucormycosis
250.1
ð é«åžçç
250.2
ð åèç
250.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
251
Ch 251. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP)
251.1
ð é«åžçç
251.2
ð åèç
251.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
251.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
252
Ch 252. Emerging Fungal Infections
252.1
ð é«åžçç
252.2
ð åèç
252.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
253
Ch 253. Bioterrorism
253.1
ð é«åžçç
253.2
ð åèç
253.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
254
Ch 254. Prion Diseases
254.1
ð é«åžçç
254.2
ð åèç
254.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
255
Ch 255. Ectoparasites
255.1
ð é«åžçç
255.2
ð åèç
255.3
ð ç« æ«éèš
256
ð PART 5 Infectious Diseases å®æŽæ¶å°Ÿ
VI PART 6 å¿è¡ç®¡ç³»çµ± Cardiovascular Disorders
257
Ch 256. Approach to Cardiovascular Disease
257.1
ð é«åžçç
257.2
ð åèç
257.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
257.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
258
Ch 257. Cardiovascular Examination + History
258.1
ð é«åžçç
258.2
ð åèç
258.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
258.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
259
Ch 258. Electrocardiography (ECG)
259.1
ð é«åžçç
259.2
ð åèç
259.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
259.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
260
Ch 259. Echocardiography
260.1
ð é«åžçç
260.2
ð åèç
260.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
260.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
261
Ch 260. Cardiac Catheterization + Angiography
261.1
ð é«åžçç
261.2
ð åèç
261.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
261.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
262
Ch 261. Cardiac CT, MRI, and Nuclear Imaging
262.1
ð é«åžçç
262.2
ð åèç
262.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
262.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
263
Ch 262. Bradyarrhythmias and Pacing
263.1
ð é«åžçç
263.2
ð åèç
263.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
263.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
264
Ch 263. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
264.1
ð é«åžçç
264.2
ð åèç
264.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
264.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
265
Ch 264. Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
265.1
ð é«åžçç
265.2
ð åèç
265.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
265.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
266
Ch 265. Ventricular Arrhythmias + Sudden Cardiac Death
266.1
ð é«åžçç
266.2
ð åèç
266.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
266.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
267
Ch 266. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation + Cardiac Arrest
267.1
ð é«åžçç
267.2
ð åèç
267.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
267.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
268
Ch 267. Heart Failure â Pathophysiology + Diagnosis
268.1
ð é«åžçç
268.2
ð åèç
268.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
268.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
269
Ch 268. Heart Failure Management
269.1
ð é«åžçç
269.2
ð åèç
269.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
269.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
270
Ch 269. Cardiogenic Shock + Mechanical Circulatory Support
270.1
ð é«åžçç
270.2
ð åèç
270.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
270.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
271
Ch 270. Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis
271.1
ð é«åžçç
271.2
ð åèç
271.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
271.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
272
Ch 271. Ischemic Heart Disease and Stable Angina (Chronic Coronary Syndromes)
272.1
ð é«åžçç
272.2
𩺠åèç
272.2.1
é«é »èé»
272.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
272.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
272.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
272.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
272.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
272.3.4
Pearls
272.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
272.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
272.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
272.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
273
Ch 272. Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (UA / NSTEMI)
273.1
ð é«åžçç
273.2
𩺠åèç
273.2.1
é«é »èé»
273.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
273.2.3
Special Topics
273.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
273.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
273.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
273.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
273.3.4
Pearls
273.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
273.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
273.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
273.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
274
Ch 273. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
274.1
ð é«åžçç
274.2
𩺠åèç
274.2.1
é«é »èé»
274.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
274.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
274.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
274.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
274.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
274.3.4
Pearls
274.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
274.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
274.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
274.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
275
Ch 274. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention
275.1
ð é«åžçç
275.2
𩺠åèç
275.2.1
é«é »èé»
275.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
275.2.3
Special Topics
275.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
275.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
275.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
275.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
275.3.4
Pearls
275.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
275.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
275.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
275.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
276
Ch 275. Hypertension â Pathophysiology and Evaluation
276.1
ð é«åžçç
276.2
𩺠åèç
276.2.1
é«é »èé»
276.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
276.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
276.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
276.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
276.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
276.3.4
Pearls
276.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
276.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
276.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
276.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
277
Ch 276. Hypertension â Treatment
277.1
ð é«åžçç
277.2
𩺠åèç
277.2.1
é«é »èé»
277.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
277.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
277.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
277.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
277.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
277.3.4
Pearls
277.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
277.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
277.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
277.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
278
Ch 277. Secondary Hypertension
278.1
ð é«åžçç
278.2
𩺠åèç
278.2.1
é«é »èé»
278.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
278.2.3
Special Topics
278.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
278.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
278.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
278.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
278.3.4
Pearls
278.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
278.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
278.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
278.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
279
Ch 278. Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies
279.1
ð é«åžçç
279.2
𩺠åèç
279.2.1
é«é »èé»
279.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
279.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
279.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
279.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
279.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
279.3.4
Pearls
279.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
279.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
279.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
279.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
280
Ch 279. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
280.1
ð é«åžçç
280.2
𩺠åèç
280.2.1
é«é »èé»
280.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
280.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
280.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
280.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
280.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
280.3.4
Pearls
280.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
280.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
280.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
280.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
281
Ch 280. Diseases of the Aorta (Aneurysm + Dissection)
281.1
ð é«åžçç
281.2
𩺠åèç
281.2.1
é«é »èé»
281.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
281.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
281.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
281.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
281.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
281.3.4
Pearls
281.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
281.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
281.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
281.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
282
Ch 281. Venous Thromboembolism (DVT/PE) and Chronic Venous Disease
282.1
ð é«åžçç
282.2
𩺠åèç
282.2.1
é«é »èé»
282.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
282.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
282.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
282.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
282.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
282.3.4
Pearls
282.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
282.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
282.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
282.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
283
Ch 282. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)
283.1
ð é«åžçç
283.2
𩺠åèç
283.2.1
é«é »èé»
283.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
283.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
283.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
283.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
283.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
283.3.4
Pearls
283.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
283.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
283.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
283.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
284
Ch 283. Pericardial Disease
284.1
ð é«åžçç
284.2
𩺠åèç
284.2.1
é«é »èé»
284.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
284.2.3
Key Trials
284.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
284.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
284.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
284.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
284.3.4
Pearls
284.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
284.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
284.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
284.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
285
Ch 284. Aortic Valve Disease â Aortic Stenosis + Aortic Regurgitation
285.1
ð é«åžçç
285.2
𩺠åèç
285.2.1
é«é »èé»
285.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
285.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
285.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
285.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
285.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
285.3.4
Pearls
285.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
285.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
285.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
285.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
286
Ch 285. Mitral, Tricuspid, Pulmonic Valve Disease and Transcatheter Therapies
286.1
ð é«åžçç
286.2
𩺠åèç
286.2.1
é«é »èé»
286.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
286.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
286.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
286.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
286.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
286.3.4
Pearls
286.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
286.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
286.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
286.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
287
Ch 286. Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) â Overview
287.1
ð é«åžçç
287.2
𩺠åèç
287.2.1
é«é »èé»
287.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
287.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
287.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
287.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
287.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
287.3.4
Pearls
287.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
287.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
287.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
287.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
288
Ch 287. Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, Patent Ductus Arteriosus
288.1
ð é«åžçç
288.2
𩺠åèç
288.2.1
é«é »èé»
288.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
288.2.3
Special Topics
288.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
288.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
288.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
288.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
288.3.4
Pearls
288.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
288.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
288.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
288.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
289
Ch 288. Tetralogy of Fallot, Coarctation of Aorta, Transposition + Eisenmenger Syndrome
289.1
ð é«åžçç
289.2
𩺠åèç
289.2.1
é«é »èé»
289.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
289.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
289.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
289.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
289.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
289.3.4
Pearls
289.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
289.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
289.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
289.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
290
Ch 289. Cardiac Tumors and Pericardial Masses
290.1
ð é«åžçç
290.2
𩺠åèç
290.2.1
é«é »èé»
290.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
290.2.3
Special Topics
290.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
290.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
290.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
290.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
290.3.4
Pearls
290.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
290.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
290.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
290.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
291
Ch 290. Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnancy
291.1
ð é«åžçç
291.2
𩺠åèç
291.2.1
é«é »èé»
291.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
291.2.3
Special Topics
291.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
291.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
291.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
291.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
291.3.4
Pearls
291.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
291.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
291.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
291.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
292
Ch 291. Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly
292.1
ð é«åžçç
292.2
𩺠åèç
292.2.1
é«é »èé»
292.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
292.2.3
Special Topics
292.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
292.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
292.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
292.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
292.3.4
Pearls
292.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
292.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
292.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
292.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
293
Ch 292. Cardio-Oncology â Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiovascular Toxicity (CTR-CVT)
293.1
ð é«åžçç
293.2
𩺠åèç
293.2.1
é«é »èé»
293.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
293.2.3
Special Topics
293.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
293.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
293.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
293.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
293.3.4
Pearls
293.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
293.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
293.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
293.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
294
Ch 293. Sports Cardiology and Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes
294.1
ð é«åžçç
294.2
𩺠åèç
294.2.1
é«é »èé»
294.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
294.2.3
Special Topics
294.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
294.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
294.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
294.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
294.3.4
Pearls
294.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
294.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
294.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
294.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
295
Ch 294. Cardiac Trauma
295.1
ð é«åžçç
295.2
𩺠åèç
295.2.1
é«é »èé»
295.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
295.2.3
Special Topics
295.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
295.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
295.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
295.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
295.3.4
Pearls
295.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
295.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
295.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
295.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
296
Ch 295. Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Diseases
296.1
ð é«åžçç
296.2
𩺠åèç
296.2.1
é«é »èé»
296.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
296.2.3
Special Topics
296.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
296.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
296.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
296.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
296.3.4
Pearls
296.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
296.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
296.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
296.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
297
Ch 296. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
297.1
ð é«åžçç
297.2
𩺠åèç
297.2.1
é«é »èé»
297.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
297.2.3
Special Topics
297.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
297.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
297.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
297.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
297.3.4
Pearls
297.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
297.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
297.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
297.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
298
Ch 297. Infective Endocarditis (Native Valve)
298.1
ð é«åžçç
298.2
𩺠åèç
298.2.1
é«é »èé»
298.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
298.2.3
Special Topics
298.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
298.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
298.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
298.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
298.3.4
Pearls
298.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
298.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
298.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
298.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
299
Ch 298. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis (PVE) and Device-Related Endocarditis
299.1
ð é«åžçç
299.2
𩺠åèç
299.2.1
é«é »èé»
299.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
299.2.3
Special Topics
299.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
299.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
299.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
299.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
299.3.4
Pearls
299.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
299.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
299.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
299.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
300
Ch 299. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
300.1
ð é«åžçç
300.2
𩺠åèç
300.2.1
é«é »èé»
300.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
300.2.3
Special Topics
300.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
300.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
300.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
300.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
300.3.4
Pearls
300.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
300.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
300.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
300.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
301
Ch 300. Cardiac Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support
301.1
ð é«åžçç
301.2
𩺠åèç
301.2.1
é«é »èé»
301.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
301.2.3
Special Topics
301.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
301.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
301.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
301.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
301.3.4
Pearls
301.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
301.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
301.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
301.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
VII PART 7 åŒåžç³»çµ± Respiratory / Pulmonary Disorders
302
Ch 301. Approach to the Pulmonary Patient and Disturbances of Respiratory Function
302.1
ð é«åžçç
302.2
𩺠åèç
302.2.1
é«é »èé»
302.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
302.2.3
Special Topics
302.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
302.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
302.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
302.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
302.3.4
Pearls
302.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
302.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
302.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
302.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
303
Ch 302. Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease
303.1
ð é«åžçç
303.2
𩺠åèç
303.2.1
é«é »èé»
303.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
303.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
303.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
303.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
303.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
303.3.4
Pearls
303.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
303.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
303.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
303.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
304
Ch 303. Asthma
304.1
ð é«åžçç
304.2
𩺠åèç
304.2.1
é«é »èé»
304.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
304.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
304.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
304.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
304.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
304.3.4
Pearls
304.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
304.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
304.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
304.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
305
Ch 304. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
305.1
ð é«åžçç
305.2
𩺠åèç
305.2.1
é«é »èé»
305.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
305.2.3
Special Topics
305.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
305.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
305.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
305.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
305.3.4
Pearls
305.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
305.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
305.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
305.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
306
Ch 305. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Eosinophilic Pulmonary Disease
306.1
ð é«åžçç
306.2
𩺠åèç
306.2.1
é«é »èé»
306.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
306.2.3
Special Topics
306.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
306.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
306.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
306.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
306.3.4
Pearls
306.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
306.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
306.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
306.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
307
Ch 306. Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
307.1
ð é«åžçç
307.2
𩺠åèç
307.2.1
é«é »èé»
307.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
307.2.3
Special Topics
307.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
307.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
307.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
307.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
307.3.4
Pearls
307.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
307.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
307.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
307.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
308
Ch 307. Bronchiectasis
308.1
ð é«åžçç
308.2
𩺠åèç
308.2.1
é«é »èé»
308.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
308.2.3
Special Topics
308.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
308.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
308.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
308.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
308.3.4
Pearls
308.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
308.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
308.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
308.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
309
Ch 308. Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
309.1
ð é«åžçç
309.2
𩺠åèç
309.2.1
é«é »èé»
309.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
309.2.3
Special Topics
309.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
309.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
309.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
309.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
309.3.4
Pearls
309.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
309.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
309.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
309.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
310
Ch 309. Interstitial Lung Disease â Overview and Classification
310.1
ð é«åžçç
310.2
𩺠åèç
310.2.1
é«é »èé»
310.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
310.2.3
Special Topics
310.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
310.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
310.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
310.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
310.3.4
Pearls
310.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
310.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
310.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
310.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
311
Ch 310. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis + Specific Interstitial Lung Diseases
311.1
ð é«åžçç
311.2
𩺠åèç
311.2.1
é«é »èé»
311.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
311.2.3
Special Topics
311.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
311.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
311.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
311.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
311.3.4
Pearls
311.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
311.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
311.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
311.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
312
Ch 311. Disorders of the Pleura
312.1
ð é«åžçç
312.2
𩺠åèç
312.2.1
é«é »èé»
312.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
312.2.3
Special Topics
312.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
312.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
312.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
312.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
312.3.4
Pearls
312.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
312.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
312.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
312.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
313
Ch 312. Disorders of the Mediastinum, Diaphragm, and Chest Wall
313.1
ð é«åžçç
313.2
𩺠åèç
313.2.1
é«é »èé»
313.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
313.2.3
Special Topics
313.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
313.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
313.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
313.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
313.3.4
Pearls
313.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
313.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
313.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
313.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
314
Ch 313. Sleep Apnea and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
314.1
ð é«åžçç
314.1.1
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) â see Ch312
314.2
𩺠åèç
314.2.1
é«é »èé»
314.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
314.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
314.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
314.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
314.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
314.3.4
Pearls
314.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
314.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
314.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
314.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
315
Ch 314. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Respiratory Failure
315.1
ð é«åžçç
315.2
𩺠åèç
315.2.1
é«é »èé»
315.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
315.2.3
Special Topics
315.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
315.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
315.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
315.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
315.3.4
Pearls
315.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
315.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
315.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
315.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
316
Ch 315. Mechanical Ventilation
316.1
ð é«åžçç
316.2
𩺠åèç
316.2.1
é«é »èé»
316.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
316.2.3
Special Topics
316.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
316.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
316.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
316.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
316.3.4
Pearls
316.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
316.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
316.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
316.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
317
Ch 316. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
317.1
ð é«åžçç
317.2
𩺠åèç
317.2.1
é«é »èé»
317.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
317.2.3
Special Topics
317.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
317.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
317.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
317.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
317.3.4
Pearls
317.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
317.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
317.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
317.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
318
Ch 317. Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
318.1
ð é«åžçç
318.2
𩺠åèç
318.2.1
é«é »èé»
318.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
318.2.3
Special Topics
318.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
318.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
318.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
318.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
318.3.4
Pearls
318.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
318.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
318.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
318.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
319
Ch 318. Aspiration Pneumonia, Anaerobic Lung Infections, and Lung Abscess
319.1
ð é«åžçç
319.2
𩺠åèç
319.2.1
é«é »èé»
319.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
319.2.3
Special Topics
319.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
319.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
319.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
319.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
319.3.4
Pearls
319.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
319.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
319.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
319.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
320
Ch 319. Tuberculosis (Pulmonary)
320.1
ð é«åžçç
320.2
𩺠åèç
320.2.1
é«é »èé»
320.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
320.2.3
Special Topics
320.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
320.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
320.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
320.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
320.3.4
Pearls
320.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
320.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
320.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
320.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
321
Ch 320. Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease
321.1
ð é«åžçç
321.1.1
Patient Factors
321.1.2
Pulmonary NTM Disease Types
321.1.3
Symptoms
321.2
𩺠åèç
321.2.1
é«é »èé»
321.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
321.2.3
Special Topics
321.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
321.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
321.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
321.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
321.3.4
Pearls
321.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
321.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
321.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
321.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
322
Ch 321. Pulmonary Fungal Infections
322.1
ð é«åžçç
322.2
𩺠åèç
322.2.1
é«é »èé»
322.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
322.2.3
Special Topics
322.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
322.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
322.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
322.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
322.3.4
Pearls
322.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
322.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
322.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
322.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
323
Ch 322. Viral Pneumonia â Influenza, RSV, COVID-19, and Other Respiratory Viruses
323.1
ð é«åžçç
323.1.1
High-Risk Setting:
323.1.2
Diagnosis:
323.1.3
Treatment:
323.2
𩺠åèç
323.2.1
é«é »èé»
323.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
323.2.3
Special Topics
323.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
323.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
323.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
323.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
323.3.4
Pearls
323.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
323.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
323.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
323.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
324
Ch 323. Lung Cancer â Epidemiology, Screening, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Staging
324.1
ð é«åžçç
324.1.1
NLST (National Lung Screening Trial, 2011)
324.1.2
NELSON (2020)
324.1.3
USPSTF 2021
324.1.4
Taiwan 2022 LDCT Screening Program
324.1.5
Lung-RADS (American College of Radiology)
324.1.6
Pros + Cons of Screening
324.1.7
Symptoms (Often Late)
324.1.8
Pancoast Syndrome
324.1.9
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
324.1.10
Imaging
324.1.11
Tissue Diagnosis
324.1.12
Liquid Biopsy (ctDNA)
324.1.13
Molecular + Immunohistochemistry
324.1.14
NSCLC Staging Concept
324.1.15
Stages (NSCLC)
324.1.16
SCLC Staging
324.1.17
Staging Workup
324.2
𩺠åèç
324.2.1
é«é »èé»
324.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
324.2.3
Special Topics
324.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
324.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
324.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
324.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
324.3.4
Pearls
324.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
324.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
324.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
324.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
325
Ch 324. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) â Treatment
325.1
ð é«åžçç
325.1.1
Stage I (T1-T2a, N0)
325.1.2
Stage II (T2b-T3, N0; T1-T2, N1)
325.1.3
Stage IIIA (T3-T4, N1; T1-T2, N2)
325.1.4
Stage IIIB-IIIC (unresectable locally advanced)
325.1.5
Stage IV (Metastatic)
325.1.6
Approach
325.1.7
Lymph Node Dissection
325.1.8
Adjuvant Therapy
325.1.9
Chemotherapy Alone
325.1.10
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy (NEW 2022-2024)
325.1.11
EGFR Mutation
325.1.12
ALK Rearrangement
325.1.13
ROS1 Rearrangement
325.1.14
KRAS G12C
325.1.15
MET Exon 14 Skipping
325.1.16
HER2 Mutation
325.1.17
BRAF V600E
325.1.18
NTRK Fusion (Rare; 1%)
325.1.19
RET Fusion (Rare; 1-2%)
325.1.20
PD-L1 ⥠50% (TPS Score)
325.1.21
PD-L1 1-49% or < 1%
325.1.22
Nivolumab + Ipilimumab + Limited Chemo
325.1.23
Atezolizumab Combinations
325.1.24
Durvalumab + Tremelimumab + Chemo
325.1.25
Cemiplimab Monotherapy
325.1.26
Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs)
325.1.27
Concurrent Chemoradiation
325.1.28
Durvalumab Consolidation (PACIFIC 2018)
325.1.29
Osimertinib Consolidation (LAURA 2024)
325.1.30
Neoadjuvant Strategy
325.1.31
Prevalence
325.1.32
Treatment
325.1.33
Leptomeningeal Disease
325.1.34
Older Adults
325.1.35
Renal/Hepatic Dysfunction
325.1.36
Pregnancy
325.2
𩺠åèç
325.2.1
é«é »èé»
325.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
325.2.3
Special Topics
325.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
325.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
325.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
325.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
325.3.4
Pearls
325.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
325.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
325.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
325.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
326
Ch 325. Small Cell Lung Cancer, Neuroendocrine Tumors, and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
326.1
ð é«åžçç
326.1.1
Typical Carcinoid Tumor
326.1.2
Atypical Carcinoid Tumor
326.1.3
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC)
326.1.4
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
326.1.5
General Mechanisms
326.1.6
By Cancer Type
326.1.7
Treatment of Paraneoplastic Syndromes
326.2
𩺠åèç
326.2.1
é«é »èé»
326.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
326.2.3
Special Topics
326.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
326.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
326.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
326.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
326.3.4
Pearls
326.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
326.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
326.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
326.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
327
Ch 326. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) and Pulmonary Nodule Management
327.1
ð é«åžçç
327.1.1
Patient Factors
327.1.2
Nodule Features
327.1.3
Brock University Model
327.1.4
Mayo Clinic Model
327.1.5
VA Cooperative Study
327.1.6
Probability Categories
327.1.7
Comparison to Prior Imaging
327.1.8
Computed Tomography (CT)
327.1.9
CT Calcification Patterns
327.1.10
PET-CT (FDG)
327.1.11
Volumetric Growth Assessment
327.1.12
Percutaneous CT-Guided Biopsy
327.1.13
Bronchoscopy
327.1.14
Surgical Biopsy
327.1.15
Liquid Biopsy (Emerging)
327.1.16
Incidental Pulmonary Nodule (Non-Screening)
327.1.17
Lung-RADS (LDCT Screening) â Category 4X
327.1.18
Action Based on Lung-RADS
327.1.19
Adenocarcinoma in Situ (AIS) / Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma (MIA)
327.1.20
Carcinoid Tumor
327.1.21
Granulomatous Disease
327.1.22
Lung Metastases
327.2
𩺠åèç
327.2.1
é«é »èé»
327.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
327.2.3
Special Topics
327.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
327.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
327.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
327.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
327.3.4
Pearls
327.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
327.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
327.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
327.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
328
Ch 327. Pulmonary Metastases and Paraneoplastic Pulmonary Syndromes
328.1
ð é«åžçç
328.1.1
Mechanism
328.1.2
Clinical
328.1.3
Imaging
328.1.4
Treatment
328.1.5
Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy (HPOA)
328.1.6
Trousseau Syndrome
328.1.7
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
328.1.8
Erythrocytosis
328.1.9
Anemia of Chronic Disease
328.1.10
Pulmonary Tumor Embolism
328.1.11
Drug-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity (from Cancer Treatment)
328.2
𩺠åèç
328.2.1
é«é »èé»
328.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
328.2.3
Special Topics
328.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
328.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
328.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
328.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
328.3.4
Pearls
328.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
328.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
328.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
328.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
329
Ch 328. High Altitude, Diving, and Environmental Pulmonary Disease
329.1
ð é«åžçç
329.1.1
Smoke Inhalation
329.1.2
Chemical Inhalation
329.1.3
Thermal Injury
329.1.4
Cold-Induced Bronchospasm
329.1.5
Hot Weather + Exercise
329.1.6
Air Pollution Acute Effects (Ch306)
329.2
𩺠åèç
329.2.1
é«é »èé»
329.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
329.2.3
Special Topics
329.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
329.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
329.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
329.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
329.3.4
Pearls
329.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
329.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
329.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
329.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
330
Ch 329. Lung Transplantation
330.1
ð é«åžçç
330.1.1
Listing Criteria
330.1.2
Procedure Types
330.1.3
Approach
330.1.4
Donor Selection
330.1.5
Immunosuppression
330.1.6
Prophylaxis
330.1.7
Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD)
330.1.8
Acute Rejection
330.1.9
Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD)
330.1.10
Infections
330.1.11
Malignancy
330.1.12
Renal Dysfunction
330.1.13
Bone Loss
330.1.14
Metabolic
330.1.15
Survival
330.1.16
Cause of Death
330.1.17
Quality of Life
330.1.18
Pre-Transplant Optimization
330.1.19
Pediatric Transplant
330.1.20
Re-Transplantation
330.2
𩺠åèç
330.2.1
é«é »èé»
330.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
330.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
330.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
330.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
330.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
330.3.4
Pearls
330.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
330.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
330.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
330.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
331
Ch 330. Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Use Disorder
331.1
ð é«åžçç
331.1.1
Ask
331.1.2
Advise
331.1.3
Assess
331.1.4
Assist
331.1.5
Arrange
331.1.6
First-Line Agents
331.1.7
Second-Line / Adjunctive
331.1.8
Third-Line
331.1.9
Counseling Approaches
331.1.10
Methods
331.1.11
Combination Therapy
331.1.12
Tobacco Treatment Specialists
331.1.13
Controversy
331.1.14
Evidence
331.1.15
Position Statements
331.1.16
Use in Practice
331.1.17
Pregnancy
331.1.18
Cardiovascular Disease
331.1.19
Mental Health Conditions
331.1.20
Adolescents
331.1.21
Hospitalized Patients
331.1.22
Cancer Survivors
331.1.23
Surgery Pre-Op
331.2
𩺠åèç
331.2.1
é«é »èé»
331.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
331.2.3
Special Topics
331.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
331.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
331.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
331.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
331.3.4
Pearls
331.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
331.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
331.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
331.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
VIII PART 8 è èæ³å°¿ç³»çµ± Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
332
Ch 331. Approach to the Renal Patient and Renal Physiology
332.1
ð é«åžçç
332.1.1
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
332.1.2
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
332.1.3
Nephrotic Syndrome
332.1.4
Nephritic Syndrome
332.1.5
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
332.1.6
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)
332.1.7
Obstruction
332.2
𩺠åèç
332.2.1
é«é »èé»
332.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
332.2.3
Special Topics
332.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
332.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
332.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
332.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
332.3.4
Pearls
332.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
332.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
332.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
332.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
333
Ch 332. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) â Diagnosis and Biomarkers
333.1
ð é«åžçç
333.1.1
Pre-Renal (~ 50-60%)
333.1.2
Intrinsic Renal Disease (~ 20-30%)
333.1.3
Post-Renal (~ 10-15%)
333.2
𩺠åèç
333.2.1
é«é »èé»
333.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
333.2.3
Special Topics
333.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
333.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
333.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
333.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
333.3.4
Pearls
333.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
333.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
333.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
333.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
334
Ch 333. AKI Management and Renal Replacement Therapy
334.1
ð é«åžçç
334.1.1
Address Underlying Cause
334.1.2
Supportive Care
334.1.3
Avoid Nephrotoxins
334.1.4
Indications (AEIOU Mnemonic)
334.1.5
Timing of RRT
334.1.6
Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD)
334.1.7
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
334.1.8
Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) / PIRRT
334.1.9
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
334.1.10
Anticoagulation in RRT
334.1.11
Citrate Anticoagulation Complications
334.1.12
Dialyzability of Drugs
334.1.13
Fluid Removal Targets
334.1.14
Mortality
334.1.15
Renal Recovery
334.1.16
Long-Term Surveillance
334.1.17
COVID-19 AKI
334.1.18
Sepsis-AKI
334.1.19
Cardiorenal Syndrome
334.1.20
Hepatorenal Syndrome
334.1.21
ESKD on Transplant List
334.2
𩺠åèç
334.2.1
é«é »èé»
334.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
334.2.3
Special Topics
334.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
334.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
334.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
334.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
334.3.4
Pearls
334.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
334.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
334.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
334.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
335
Ch 334. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) â Diagnosis, Staging, and Complications
335.1
ð é«åžçç
335.1.1
G Stage (by eGFR)
335.1.2
A Stage (by Albuminuria â UACR)
335.1.3
Combined Risk
335.1.4
Glomerular Hypertension
335.1.5
Tubulointerstitial Damage
335.1.6
Inflammation + Fibrosis
335.1.7
Vascular + Endothelial
335.1.8
Early CKD (G1-G3a)
335.1.9
Moderate CKD (G3b-G4)
335.1.10
Severe CKD (G4-G5)
335.1.11
Cardiovascular (Top Cause of Death)
335.1.12
Anemia of CKD
335.1.13
CKD-MBD (Mineral Bone Disorder)
335.1.14
Fluid + Electrolyte
335.1.15
Hypertension
335.1.16
Uremia (Late)
335.1.17
Endocrine
335.1.18
Nutrition / Protein-Energy Wasting (PEW)
335.1.19
Acid-Base Disturbance
335.1.20
Bleeding Tendency
335.1.21
Cognitive
335.1.22
Skin
335.1.23
CKD vs AKI on CKD
335.1.24
Causes Workup
335.2
𩺠åèç
335.2.1
é«é »èé»
335.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
335.2.3
Special Topics
335.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
335.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
335.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
335.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
335.3.4
Pearls
335.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
335.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
335.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
335.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
336
Ch 335. CKD Treatment â Four Pillars and Emerging Therapies
336.1
ð é«åžçç
336.1.1
Pillar 1: ACE Inhibitors / ARBs
336.1.2
Pillar 2: SGLT2 Inhibitors (Major Game-Changer)
336.1.3
Pillar 3: Finerenone (Non-Steroidal Selective MRA)
336.1.4
Pillar 4: GLP-1 RA (Newer Addition)
336.1.5
Combined Effect of 4 Pillars
336.1.6
Blood Pressure Control
336.1.7
Lipid Management
336.1.8
Glycemic Control (DKD)
336.1.9
Nutrition
336.1.10
Lifestyle
336.1.11
Anemia
336.1.12
CKD-MBD
336.1.13
Acidosis
336.1.14
Hyperkalemia
336.1.15
CV Risk
336.1.16
Endothelin Antagonists
336.1.17
Complement Inhibitors
336.1.18
APOL1-Targeted Therapy
336.1.19
Anti-Fibrotic
336.1.20
Stem Cell + Cell Therapy
336.1.21
Renal Microcirculation
336.2
𩺠åèç
336.2.1
é«é »èé»
336.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
336.2.3
Special Topics
336.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
336.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
336.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
336.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
336.3.4
Pearls
336.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
336.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
336.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
336.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
337
Ch 336. Dialysis â Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
337.1
ð é«åžçç
337.1.1
ESKD Definition
337.1.2
Indications for Initiation
337.1.3
Timing of Initiation
337.1.4
Principles
337.1.5
Setup
337.1.6
Vascular Access â âFistula Firstâ + âCatheter Lastâ
337.1.7
Frequency Options
337.1.8
Complications
337.1.9
Specific Issues
337.1.10
Principles
337.1.11
Catheter
337.1.12
Modalities
337.1.13
Solutions
337.1.14
Complications
337.1.15
Modality Choice
337.1.16
Patient Selection
337.1.17
Outcomes
337.1.18
Mortality
337.1.19
Quality of Life
337.1.20
Hospitalization
337.2
𩺠åèç
337.2.1
é«é »èé»
337.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
337.2.3
Special Topics
337.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
337.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
337.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
337.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
337.3.4
Pearls
337.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
337.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
337.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
337.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
338
Ch 337. Renal Transplantation
338.1
ð é«åžçç
338.1.1
Indications
338.1.2
Benefits vs Dialysis
338.1.3
Pre-Emptive Transplant
338.1.4
Living Donor (LD) â Preferred
338.1.5
Deceased Donor (DD)
338.1.6
Crossmatch + HLA Matching
338.1.7
Sensitization Sources
338.1.8
Induction Therapy
338.1.9
Maintenance Triple Therapy
338.1.10
Alternative Regimens
338.1.11
Surgical / Early
338.1.12
Acute Rejection
338.1.13
Chronic Allograft Injury
338.1.14
Infections
338.1.15
Malignancy
338.1.16
CV Risk
338.1.17
Recurrence of Original Disease
338.1.18
CNI Toxicity
338.1.19
Survival
338.1.20
Patient Survival
338.1.21
Half-Life of Graft
338.1.22
Pediatric Transplant
338.1.23
Pregnancy After Transplant
338.1.24
Recurrence Prevention
338.2
𩺠åèç
338.2.1
é«é »èé»
338.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
338.2.3
Special Topics
338.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
338.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
338.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
338.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
338.3.4
Pearls
338.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
338.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
338.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
338.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
339
Ch 338. Glomerular Diseases â Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes (Overview)
339.1
ð é«åžçç
339.2
𩺠åèç
339.2.1
é«é »èé»
339.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
339.2.3
Special Topics
339.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
339.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
339.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
339.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
339.3.4
Pearls
339.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
339.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
339.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
339.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
340
Ch 339. Specific Glomerular Diseases
340.1
ð é«åžçç
340.1.1
Minimal Change Disease (MCD)
340.1.2
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
340.1.3
Membranous Nephropathy (MN)
340.1.4
IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)
340.1.5
Lupus Nephritis
340.1.6
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) â GPA, MPA, EGPA
340.1.7
Anti-GBM Disease (Goodpasture)
340.1.8
MPGN / C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G)
340.1.9
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)
340.1.10
Amyloidosis
340.1.11
Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD)
340.2
𩺠åèç
340.2.1
é«é »èé»
340.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
340.2.3
Special Topics
340.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
340.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
340.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
340.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
340.3.4
Pearls
340.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
340.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
340.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
340.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
341
Ch 340. Tubulointerstitial Diseases and Drug-Induced Nephropathy
341.1
ð é«åžçç
341.1.1
Sjögren Syndrome Renal
341.1.2
IgG4-Related Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
341.1.3
Sarcoidosis Renal
341.1.4
Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity
341.1.5
Vancomycin AKI
341.1.6
Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity
341.1.7
Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy (AAN)
341.1.8
Lithium Nephropathy
341.1.9
COVID-19 + Tubulointerstitial
341.2
𩺠åèç
341.2.1
é«é »èé»
341.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
341.2.3
Special Topics
341.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
341.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
341.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
341.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
341.3.4
Pearls
341.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
341.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
341.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
341.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
342
Ch 341. Polycystic Kidney Disease and Hereditary Kidney Diseases
342.1
ð é«åžçç
342.1.1
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)
342.1.2
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)
342.1.3
MUC1 / MUC1-Related Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (ADTKD-MUC1)
342.1.4
Apol1 Risk Genotype
342.2
𩺠åèç
342.2.1
é«é »èé»
342.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
342.2.3
Special Topics
342.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
342.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
342.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
342.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
342.3.4
Pearls
342.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
342.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
342.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
342.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
343
Ch 342. Renal Vascular Disease and Hypertensive Nephropathy
343.1
ð é«åžçç
343.1.1
Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (ARAS)
343.1.2
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)
343.1.3
Causes
343.1.4
Clinical
343.1.5
Diagnosis
343.1.6
Treatment
343.1.7
Spectrum
343.1.8
TTP
343.1.9
HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)
343.1.10
Drug-Induced TMA
343.1.11
Pregnancy-Associated TMA
343.1.12
Etiology
343.1.13
Clinical
343.1.14
Diagnosis
343.1.15
Treatment
343.1.16
Pathology
343.1.17
Clinical
343.1.18
Treatment
343.1.19
Clinical
343.1.20
Pathophysiology
343.1.21
Treatment
343.1.22
Pathophysiology
343.1.23
Clinical
343.1.24
Treatment
343.1.25
Large Vessel
343.1.26
Medium Vessel
343.1.27
Small Vessel
343.2
𩺠åèç
343.2.1
é«é »èé»
343.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
343.2.3
Special Topics
343.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
343.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
343.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
343.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
343.3.4
Pearls
343.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
343.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
343.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
343.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
344
Ch 343. Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)
344.1
ð é«åžçç
344.1.1
Calcium-Based (~ 80%)
344.1.2
Uric Acid (5-10%)
344.1.3
Struvite (5-10%)
344.1.4
Cystine (1%)
344.1.5
Drug-Induced
344.1.6
Acute Renal Colic
344.1.7
Asymptomatic Stones
344.1.8
Imaging
344.1.9
Laboratory
344.1.10
Pain Control
344.1.11
Hydration
344.1.12
Anti-Emetics
344.1.13
Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET)
344.1.14
Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy
344.1.15
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
344.1.16
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
344.1.17
Open Surgery
344.1.18
Ureteral Stent
344.1.19
General (All Stones)
344.1.20
Calcium Oxalate Stones
344.1.21
Calcium Phosphate Stones
344.1.22
Uric Acid Stones
344.1.23
Struvite Stones
344.1.24
Cystine Stones
344.1.25
Drug-Induced
344.1.26
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
344.1.27
Distal RTA
344.1.28
IBD / Crohn
344.1.29
Bariatric Surgery
344.1.30
Pediatric Stones
344.2
𩺠åèç
344.2.1
é«é »èé»
344.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
344.2.3
Special Topics
344.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
344.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
344.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
344.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
344.3.4
Pearls
344.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
344.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
344.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
344.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
345
Ch 344. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis
345.1
ð é«åžçç
345.1.1
Uncomplicated UTI
345.1.2
Complicated UTI
345.1.3
Acute Cystitis
345.1.4
Acute Pyelonephritis
345.1.5
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB)
345.1.6
Recurrent UTI
345.1.7
Catheter-Associated UTI (CAUTI)
345.1.8
Uncomplicated UTI
345.1.9
Complicated UTI
345.1.10
Sexually Transmitted Causes (Dysuria)
345.1.11
Sterile Pyuria
345.1.12
Clinical
345.1.13
Urinalysis
345.1.14
Urine Culture
345.1.15
Imaging (Selective)
345.1.16
Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis
345.1.17
Acute Pyelonephritis
345.1.18
Complicated UTI
345.1.19
CAUTI
345.1.20
MDR + ESBL / CRE
345.1.21
Causes
345.1.22
Prevention
345.1.23
Workup for Recurrent UTI
345.1.24
Vaccines (Emerging)
345.1.25
Categories (NIH Classification)
345.1.26
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
345.1.27
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
345.1.28
CP/CPPS
345.2
𩺠åèç
345.2.1
é«é »èé»
345.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
345.2.3
Special Topics
345.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
345.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
345.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
345.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
345.3.4
Pearls
345.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
345.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
345.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
345.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
346
Ch 345. Renal Cell Carcinoma, Bladder Cancer, and Urologic Malignancies
346.1
ð é«åžçç
346.1.1
Epidemiology
346.1.2
Risk Factors
346.1.3
Pathology
346.1.4
Clinical Presentation
346.1.5
Diagnosis
346.1.6
Localized Disease Treatment
346.1.7
Metastatic RCC Treatment
346.1.8
Belzutifan (HIF-2α Inhibitor)
346.1.9
Hereditary RCC Surveillance
346.1.10
Epidemiology
346.1.11
Risk Factors
346.1.12
Pathology
346.1.13
Clinical Presentation
346.1.14
Diagnosis
346.1.15
Staging
346.1.16
Risk Stratification (NMIBC)
346.1.17
Treatment
346.1.18
Prostate Cancer
346.1.19
Testicular Cancer
346.1.20
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC)
346.1.21
Wilms Tumor
346.1.22
VHL Syndrome
346.1.23
Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease + RCC
346.1.24
Hematuria Workup
346.1.25
Bladder Cancer Surveillance Post-Treatment
346.2
𩺠åèç
346.2.1
é«é »èé»
346.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
346.2.3
Special Topics
346.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
346.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
346.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
346.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
346.3.4
Pearls
346.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
346.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
346.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
346.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
IX PART 9 æ¶å系統 Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disorders
347
Ch 346. Approach to the Gastrointestinal Patient and Symptoms
347.1
ð é«åžçç
347.1.1
Visceral vs Parietal vs Referred
347.1.2
Pain Quality
347.1.3
Acute Abdominal Pain Differential
347.1.4
Chronic Abdominal Pain Differential
347.1.5
Causes
347.1.6
Pathophysiology
347.1.7
Management
347.1.8
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
347.1.9
Esophageal Dysphagia
347.1.10
Diagnosis
347.1.11
Treatment
347.1.12
Functional Dyspepsia (Rome IV)
347.1.13
Workup
347.1.14
Treatment
347.1.15
Acute (< 14 days)
347.1.16
Chronic (> 14 days, often > 4 weeks)
347.1.17
Diagnosis
347.1.18
Treatment
347.1.19
Upper GI Bleeding (UGIB)
347.1.20
Lower GI Bleeding (LGIB)
347.1.21
Obscure GI Bleeding
347.1.22
Causes
347.1.23
Workup
347.1.24
Treatment
347.1.25
Workup
347.1.26
Categories
347.1.27
Categories
347.1.28
Workup
347.1.29
Endoscopy
347.1.30
Imaging
347.1.31
Lab
347.1.32
Specialized
347.2
𩺠åèç
347.2.1
é«é »èé»
347.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
347.2.3
Special Topics
347.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
347.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
347.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
347.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
347.3.4
Pearls
347.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
347.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
347.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
347.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
348
Ch 347. GERD and Esophageal Disorders
348.1
ð é«åžçç
348.2
𩺠åèç
348.2.1
é«é »èé»
348.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
348.2.3
Special Topics
348.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
348.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
348.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
348.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
348.3.4
Pearls
348.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
348.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
348.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
348.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
349
Ch 348. Peptic Ulcer Disease, H. pylori, and Functional Dyspepsia
349.1
ð é«åžçç
349.2
𩺠åèç
349.2.1
é«é »èé»
349.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
349.2.3
Special Topics
349.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
349.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
349.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
349.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
349.3.4
Pearls
349.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
349.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
349.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
349.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
350
Ch 349. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Functional GI Disorders
350.1
ð é«åžçç
350.1.1
Rome IV Criteria
350.1.2
Bristol Stool Scale
350.1.3
Subtypes
350.1.4
Alarm Features (Warrant Further Workup)
350.1.5
Clinical
350.1.6
Limited Workup (No Alarm Features)
350.1.7
Colonoscopy
350.1.8
Imaging
350.1.9
Dietary
350.1.10
Lifestyle
350.1.11
Pharmacologic by Subtype
350.1.12
Newer + Emerging
350.1.13
Rome IV Criteria
350.1.14
Subtypes
350.1.15
Workup
350.1.16
Treatment
350.1.17
Clinical
350.1.18
Treatment
350.1.19
Clinical
350.1.20
Treatment
350.1.21
Definition
350.1.22
Workup
350.1.23
Treatment
350.1.24
Definition
350.1.25
Treatment
350.2
𩺠åèç
350.2.1
é«é »èé»
350.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
350.2.3
Special Topics
350.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
350.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
350.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
350.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
350.3.4
Pearls
350.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
350.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
350.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
350.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
351
Ch 350. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) â Crohnâs Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
351.1
ð é«åžçç
351.1.1
Distribution
351.1.2
Symptoms
351.1.3
Pathology
351.1.4
Distribution
351.1.5
Symptoms
351.1.6
Pathology
351.1.7
Clinical + Labs
351.1.8
Stool Studies
351.1.9
Endoscopy
351.1.10
Imaging
351.1.11
Serology
351.1.12
Goals
351.1.13
Treatment by Severity
351.1.14
Treatment Strategies
351.1.15
Specific Situations
351.1.16
Surgery
351.1.17
Risk
351.1.18
Surveillance
351.2
𩺠åèç
351.2.1
é«é »èé»
351.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
351.2.3
Special Topics
351.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
351.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
351.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
351.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
351.3.4
Pearls
351.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
351.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
351.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
351.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
352
Ch 351. Celiac Disease, Malabsorption, and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
352.1
ð é«åžçç
352.1.1
Epidemiology
352.1.2
Pathogenesis
352.1.3
Clinical Spectrum
352.1.4
Associated Conditions
352.1.5
Diagnosis
352.1.6
Treatment
352.1.7
Tropical Sprue
352.1.8
Whipple Disease
352.1.9
AIDS Enteropathy
352.1.10
Pancreatic Insufficiency
352.1.11
Bile Salt Deficiency
352.1.12
Lymphangiectasia
352.1.13
Short Bowel Syndrome
352.1.14
Pathophysiology
352.1.15
Risk Factors
352.1.16
Clinical
352.1.17
Diagnosis
352.1.18
Treatment
352.1.19
Definition
352.1.20
Subtypes
352.1.21
Diagnosis
352.1.22
Treatment
352.1.23
Steatorrhea
352.1.24
Carbohydrate Malabsorption
352.1.25
Protein Malabsorption
352.1.26
Vitamin Deficiencies
352.2
𩺠åèç
352.2.1
é«é »èé»
352.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
352.2.3
Special Topics
352.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
352.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
352.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
352.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
352.3.4
Pearls
352.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
352.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
352.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
352.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
353
Ch 352. Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
353.1
ð é«åžçç
353.1.1
Other Less Common
353.1.2
Labs
353.1.3
Imaging
353.1.4
Type 1 (IgG4-Related)
353.1.5
Type 2 (Idiopathic Duct-Centric)
353.1.6
Treatment
353.1.7
Definition
353.1.8
Symptoms
353.1.9
Treatment
353.2
𩺠åèç
353.2.1
é«é »èé»
353.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
353.2.3
Special Topics
353.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
353.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
353.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
353.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
353.3.4
Pearls
353.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
353.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
353.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
353.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
354
Ch 353. Liver Function, Jaundice, and Approach to Liver Disease
354.1
ð é«åžçç
354.1.1
Hepatocellular Pattern (Injury)
354.1.2
Cholestatic Pattern (Obstruction)
354.1.3
Synthetic Function
354.1.4
Other
354.1.5
Pathway
354.1.6
Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism
354.1.7
Pre-Hepatic (Unconjugated)
354.1.8
Hepatic (Mixed)
354.1.9
Post-Hepatic / Cholestatic (Conjugated)
354.1.10
Step 1: Pattern Recognition
354.1.11
Step 2: Clinical Context
354.1.12
Step 3: Imaging
354.1.13
Step 4: Serologic Workup
354.1.14
Step 5: Liver Biopsy (When Needed)
354.1.15
Step 6: Non-Invasive Fibrosis Assessment
354.1.16
AST/ALT Ratio Interpretation
354.1.17
Acute Hepatitis (ALT > 1000)
354.1.18
Cholestatic Pattern
354.1.19
Acetaminophen Toxicity
354.1.20
Wilson Disease
354.1.21
Hemochromatosis
354.1.22
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
354.2
𩺠åèç
354.2.1
é«é »èé»
354.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
354.2.3
Special Topics
354.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
354.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
354.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
354.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
354.3.4
Pearls
354.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
354.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
354.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
354.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
355
Ch 354. Viral Hepatitis â HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV
355.1
ð é«åžçç
355.1.1
Initial Evaluation
355.1.2
Differential
355.1.3
Management
355.1.4
Screening
355.1.5
Workup
355.1.6
Decision to Treat
355.2
𩺠åèç
355.2.1
é«é »èé»
355.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
355.2.3
Special Topics
355.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
355.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
355.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
355.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
355.3.4
Pearls
355.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
355.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
355.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
355.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
356
Ch 355. Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) and Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
356.1
ð é«åžçç
356.1.1
Old â New
356.1.2
Definition
356.2
𩺠åèç
356.2.1
é«é »èé»
356.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
356.2.3
Special Topics
356.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
356.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
356.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
356.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
356.3.4
Pearls
356.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
356.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
356.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
356.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
357
Ch 356. Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
357.1
ð é«åžçç
357.1.1
Epidemiology
357.1.2
Subtypes
357.1.3
Clinical Presentation
357.1.4
Diagnosis
357.1.5
Treatment
357.1.6
Discontinuation
357.1.7
Long-Term Monitoring
357.1.8
Epidemiology
357.1.9
Pathophysiology
357.1.10
Clinical Presentation
357.1.11
Associated Conditions
357.1.12
Diagnosis
357.1.13
Treatment
357.1.14
Epidemiology
357.1.15
Pathophysiology
357.1.16
Clinical Presentation
357.1.17
Diagnosis
357.1.18
Treatment
357.1.19
AIH-PBC Overlap
357.1.20
AIH-PSC Overlap
357.1.21
Sjögren + PBC
357.2
𩺠åèç
357.2.1
é«é »èé»
357.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
357.2.3
Special Topics
357.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
357.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
357.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
357.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
357.3.4
Pearls
357.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
357.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
357.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
357.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
358
Ch 357. Cirrhosis, Portal Hypertension, and Complications
358.1
ð é«åžçç
358.1.1
Etiology (Top Causes Globally)
358.1.2
Pathophysiology
358.1.3
Stages
358.1.4
Lab
358.1.5
Imaging
358.1.6
Biopsy
358.1.7
Child-Pugh Classification (Letter A/B/C)
358.1.8
MELD Score
358.1.9
MELD-Na
358.1.10
MELD 3.0
358.1.11
Definition
358.1.12
Causes
358.1.13
Manifestations
358.1.14
Ascites
358.1.15
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
358.1.16
Variceal Bleeding
358.1.17
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
358.1.18
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)
358.1.19
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
358.1.20
Coagulopathy
358.1.21
Hyponatremia
358.1.22
Hyperestrogenic State (Cirrhosis)
358.1.23
Other Complications
358.2
𩺠åèç
358.2.1
é«é »èé»
358.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
358.2.3
Special Topics
358.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
358.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
358.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
358.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
358.3.4
Pearls
358.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
358.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
358.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
358.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
359
Ch 358. Liver Transplantation
359.1
ð é«åžçç
359.1.1
Most Common Indications (US/Europe)
359.1.2
Acute Liver Failure (See Ch360)
359.1.3
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
359.1.4
Other Special Indications
359.1.5
Absolute
359.1.6
Relative
359.1.7
Deceased Donor (DD)
359.1.8
Living Donor (LD)
359.1.9
Split Liver
359.1.10
Domino Transplant
359.1.11
Machine Perfusion
359.1.12
Components
359.1.13
Specific Tests
359.1.14
MELD-Based
359.1.15
Status 1A (Highest Priority)
359.1.16
Pediatric PELD Score
359.1.17
Induction
359.1.18
Maintenance Triple Therapy
359.1.19
Tacrolimus-Sparing Approaches
359.1.20
Steroid-Free Protocols
359.1.21
Surgical (Early)
359.1.22
Rejection
359.1.23
Infections
359.1.24
Recurrence of Original Disease
359.1.25
Malignancy (Post-Transplant)
359.1.26
Other
359.1.27
Survival
359.1.28
Patient Survival
359.1.29
Quality of Life
359.1.30
Indication-Specific
359.1.31
Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis Transplant
359.1.32
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma + LT (Mayo Protocol)
359.1.33
Living Donor LT (LDLT)
359.1.34
Domino Liver Transplant
359.1.35
Machine Perfusion
359.1.36
Xenotransplantation (Pig Liver)
359.2
𩺠åèç
359.2.1
é«é »èé»
359.2.2
ææ··æ·æ¯èŒ
359.2.3
Special Topics
359.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
359.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
359.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
359.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
359.3.4
Pearls
359.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
359.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
359.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
359.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
360
Ch 359. Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Other Hepatobiliary/GI Tumors
360.1
ð é«åžçç
360.1.1
Epidemiology
360.1.2
Risk Factors
360.1.3
Surveillance
360.1.4
Diagnosis
360.1.5
Staging (BCLC)
360.1.6
Treatment
360.1.7
Prognosis
360.1.8
Anatomy
360.1.9
Epidemiology
360.1.10
Presentation
360.1.11
Diagnosis
360.1.12
Treatment
360.2
𩺠åèç
360.2.1
é«é »èé»
360.2.2
Trial Quick Reference
360.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
360.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
360.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
360.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
360.3.4
Pearls
360.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
360.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
360.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
360.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
361
Ch 360. Acute Liver Failure
361.1
ð é«åžçç
361.1.1
Drug-Induced
361.1.2
Viral
361.1.3
Toxic
361.1.4
Vascular
361.1.5
Metabolic
361.1.6
Pregnancy
361.1.7
Autoimmune
361.1.8
Malignancy
361.1.9
Idiopathic
361.1.10
Hepatic Encephalopathy Grading (West Haven)
361.1.11
Cerebral Edema
361.1.12
Coagulopathy
361.1.13
Hypoglycemia
361.1.14
Renal Failure
361.1.15
Sepsis + SIRS
361.1.16
CV
361.1.17
Pulmonary
361.1.18
Lactic Acidosis
361.1.19
Etiology
361.1.20
Severity
361.1.21
Kingâs College Criteria
361.1.22
Other Predictors
361.1.23
General ICU
361.1.24
Etiology-Specific
361.1.25
Cerebral Edema Management
361.1.26
Coagulopathy
361.1.27
Renal
361.1.28
Sepsis
361.1.29
Nutrition
361.1.30
Liver Support Devices
361.1.31
Liver Transplantation
361.1.32
Spontaneous Recovery
361.1.33
With Transplant
361.1.34
Without Transplant
361.2
𩺠åèç
361.2.1
é«é »èé»
361.2.2
Specific Etiologies
361.2.3
Management Quick Reference
361.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
361.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
361.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
361.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
361.3.4
Pearls
361.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
361.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
361.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
361.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
X PART 10 â Neurologic Disorders ç¥ç¶ç³»çµ±çŸç
362
Ch 361. Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
362.1
ð é«åžçç
362.1.1
Step 1: Where? (Anatomic Localization)
362.1.2
Step 2: What? (Etiologic Diagnosis)
362.1.3
Key Elements
362.1.4
Time Course Clues
362.1.5
Components
362.1.6
UMN vs LMN
362.1.7
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
362.1.8
CT
362.1.9
MRI
362.1.10
Other Imaging
362.1.11
EEG
362.1.12
EMG + NCS
362.1.13
Evoked Potentials
362.1.14
Indications
362.1.15
Contraindications
362.1.16
Components
362.1.17
Patterns
362.2
𩺠åèç
362.2.1
é«é »èé»
362.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
362.3.1
Localization Pearls
362.3.2
Recent Updates
362.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
362.3.4
Pearls
362.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
362.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
362.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
362.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
363
Ch 362. Neuroimaging and Diagnostic Procedures
363.1
ð é«åžçç
363.1.1
Advantages
363.1.2
Limitations
363.1.3
CT Densities
363.1.4
Specific Uses
363.1.5
Advantages
363.1.6
Limitations
363.1.7
Sequences
363.1.8
CTA (CT Angiography)
363.1.9
MRA (MR Angiography)
363.1.10
DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography)
363.1.11
Carotid Doppler
363.1.12
Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
363.1.13
Indications
363.1.14
Patterns
363.1.15
Continuous EEG (cEEG)
363.1.16
EMG (Electromyography)
363.1.17
NCS (Nerve Conduction Studies)
363.1.18
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation
363.1.19
Single-Fiber EMG
363.1.20
Evoked Potentials
363.1.21
Indications
363.1.22
Contraindications
363.1.23
Procedure
363.1.24
CSF Studies
363.2
𩺠åèç
363.2.1
é«é »èé»
363.2.2
Important Distinctions
363.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
363.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
363.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
363.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
363.3.4
Pearls
363.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
363.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
363.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
363.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
364
Ch 363. Headache
364.1
ð é«åžçç
364.1.1
Primary Headaches
364.1.2
Secondary Headaches
364.1.3
Diagnostic Criteria (ICHD-3)
364.1.4
Aura Types
364.1.5
Phases
364.1.6
Triggers
364.1.7
Acute Treatment
364.1.8
Preventive Treatment
364.1.9
Chronic Migraine
364.1.10
Special Populations
364.1.11
Features
364.1.12
Classification
364.1.13
Treatment
364.1.14
Cluster Headache
364.1.15
Other TACs
364.1.16
Idiopathic Intracranial HTN (IIH)
364.1.17
Low Pressure Headache
364.1.18
Medication Overuse Headache (MOH)
364.1.19
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)
364.1.20
Trigeminal Neuralgia
364.2
𩺠åèç
364.2.1
é«é »èé»
364.2.2
Trial Quick Reference
364.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
364.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
364.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
364.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
364.3.4
Pearls
364.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
364.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
364.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
364.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
365
Ch 364. Pain: Acute, Chronic, and Neuropathic
365.1
ð é«åžçç
365.1.1
Nociceptive
365.1.2
Neuropathic
365.1.3
Nociplastic (Central Sensitization)
365.1.4
Mixed
365.1.5
Components
365.1.6
Tools
365.1.7
WHO Analgesic Ladder
365.1.8
Adjuvants (All Steps)
365.1.9
Adjuvant Therapies
365.1.10
Mechanisms
365.1.11
First-Line Drugs
365.1.12
Second-Line
365.1.13
Specific Conditions
365.1.14
Equivalence Table (Oral Morphine Equivalents â MME/day)
365.1.15
Side Effects
365.1.16
Opioid Use Disorder
365.1.17
Tapering
365.2
𩺠åèç
365.2.1
é«é »èé»
365.2.2
Drug Interactions
365.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
365.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
365.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
365.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
365.3.4
Pearls
365.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
365.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
365.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
365.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
366
Ch 365. Back and Neck Pain
366.1
ð é«åžçç
366.1.1
By Duration
366.1.2
By Etiology
366.1.3
Lumbar Disc Herniation (Radiculopathy)
366.1.4
Cervical Disc Herniation / Radiculopathy
366.1.5
Spinal Stenosis (Neurogenic Claudication)
366.1.6
Cauda Equina Syndrome
366.1.7
Vertebral Compression Fracture
366.1.8
Spinal Epidural Abscess
366.1.9
Metastatic Disease
366.1.10
Ankylosing Spondylitis / Axial SpA
366.1.11
History
366.1.12
Physical Exam
366.1.13
Imaging
366.1.14
Labs (if Red Flags)
366.1.15
Non-Pharmacologic (First-Line)
366.1.16
Pharmacologic
366.1.17
Interventional
366.1.18
Surgical
366.2
𩺠åèç
366.2.1
é«é »èé»
366.2.2
Distinguishing Features
366.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
366.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
366.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
366.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
366.3.4
Pearls
366.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
366.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
366.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
366.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
367
Ch 366. Syncope
367.1
ð é«åžçç
367.1.1
1. Reflex (Neurally Mediated) â ~ 60-70%
367.1.2
2. Orthostatic â ~ 15%
367.1.3
3. Cardiac â ~ 10-15% (MOST CONCERNING)
367.1.4
Typical Vasovagal
367.1.5
Typical Cardiac
367.1.6
Typical Orthostatic
367.1.7
Distinguish from Seizure
367.1.8
Vital Signs
367.1.9
Cardiac Exam
367.1.10
Neuro
367.1.11
Carotid Sinus Massage
367.1.12
Initial Tests (All Syncope)
367.1.13
Additional Based on Suspicion
367.1.14
Imaging
367.1.15
San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR)
367.1.16
OESIL
367.1.17
EGSYS
367.1.18
High-Risk Features (Admit)
367.1.19
Reflex (Vasovagal)
367.1.20
Orthostatic
367.1.21
Cardiac
367.2
𩺠åèç
367.2.1
é«é »èé»
367.2.2
High-Risk Admission Criteria
367.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
367.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
367.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
367.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
367.3.4
Pearls
367.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
367.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
367.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
367.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
368
Ch 367. Dizziness and Vertigo
368.1
ð é«åžçç
368.1.1
1. Vertigo
368.1.2
2. Presyncope
368.1.3
3. Disequilibrium
368.1.4
4. Lightheadedness/Vague
368.1.5
Peripheral
368.1.6
Central
368.1.7
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) â Most Common
368.1.8
Vestibular Neuritis
368.1.9
Labyrinthitis
368.1.10
Meniere Disease
368.1.11
Vestibular Migraine
368.1.12
Brainstem/Cerebellar Stroke
368.1.13
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
368.1.14
MS
368.1.15
Posterior Fossa Tumor
368.1.16
History
368.1.17
Exam
368.1.18
Imaging
368.1.19
Vestibular Function Tests
368.2
𩺠åèç
368.2.1
é«é »èé»
368.2.2
Treatment Quick Reference
368.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
368.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
368.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
368.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
368.3.4
Pearls
368.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
368.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
368.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
368.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
369
Ch 368. Weakness and Paralysis
369.1
ð é«åžçç
369.1.1
Motor Pathway
369.1.2
UMN (Upper Motor Neuron)
369.1.3
LMN (Lower Motor Neuron)
369.1.4
Mixed UMN + LMN
369.1.5
Hemiparesis
369.1.6
Paraparesis (Both Legs)
369.1.7
Quadriparesis
369.1.8
Distal Symmetric
369.1.9
Proximal Symmetric
369.1.10
Asymmetric/Multifocal
369.1.11
Cranial / Bulbar
369.1.12
Sudden Onset
369.1.13
Hours-Days
369.1.14
Days-Weeks
369.1.15
Months-Years
369.1.16
History
369.1.17
Exam
369.1.18
Labs
369.1.19
Electrophysiology
369.1.20
Imaging
369.1.21
Other
369.2
𩺠åèç
369.2.1
é«é »èé»
369.2.2
Important Conditions
369.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
369.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
369.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
369.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
369.3.4
Pearls
369.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
369.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
369.4.2
ð æ²»çç²ŸèŠ (è©³èŠ Ch383 ç¥ç¶èè chapter)
369.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
370
Ch 369. Movement Disorders (Tremor, Dystonia, Chorea, Tics, Myoclonus)
370.1
ð é«åžçç
370.1.1
Types
370.1.2
Essential Tremor (ET)
370.1.3
Parkinsonian Tremor
370.1.4
Definition
370.1.5
Classification
370.1.6
Common Forms
370.1.7
Treatment Approach
370.1.8
Definition
370.1.9
Causes
370.1.10
Treatment
370.1.11
Definition
370.1.12
Types
370.1.13
Causes
370.1.14
Treatment
370.1.15
Definition
370.1.16
Tourette Syndrome
370.1.17
Diagnostic Criteria
370.1.18
Causes
370.1.19
Treatment
370.1.20
Definition
370.1.21
Treatment
370.1.22
Treatment
370.2
𩺠åèç
370.2.1
é«é »èé»
370.2.2
Specific Drugs
370.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
370.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
370.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
370.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
370.3.4
Pearls
370.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
370.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
370.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
370.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
371
Ch 370. Sleep Disorders
371.1
ð é«åžçç
371.1.1
Stages
371.1.2
Cycles
371.1.3
Sleep Duration
371.1.4
1. Insomnia
371.1.5
2. Sleep-Disordered Breathing
371.1.6
3. Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence
371.1.7
4. Circadian Rhythm Disorders
371.1.8
5. Parasomnias
371.1.9
6. Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
371.1.10
Definition
371.1.11
Risk Factors
371.1.12
Symptoms
371.1.13
Consequences
371.1.14
Diagnosis
371.1.15
Treatment
371.1.16
Causes
371.1.17
Treatment
371.1.18
Type 1 (with Cataplexy)
371.1.19
Type 2 (without Cataplexy)
371.1.20
Treatment
371.1.21
Features
371.1.22
Diagnosis
371.1.23
Significance
371.1.24
Treatment
371.1.25
Sleepwalking, Sleep Terrors, Confusional Arousal
371.1.26
Treatment
371.1.27
Approach
371.1.28
Pharmacologic (Short-Term)
371.1.29
Treatment
371.2
𩺠åèç
371.2.1
é«é »èé»
371.2.2
Key Tests
371.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
371.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
371.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
371.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
371.3.4
Pearls
371.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
371.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
371.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
371.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
372
Ch 371. Seizures and Epilepsy
372.1
ð é«åžçç
372.1.1
Seizure
372.1.2
Epilepsy
372.1.3
Provoked Seizure
372.1.4
Step 1: Onset
372.1.5
Step 2: Awareness
372.1.6
Step 3: Motor vs Non-Motor Features
372.1.7
Generalized Tonic-Clonic (GTC, Grand Mal)
372.1.8
Focal Aware (Simple Partial)
372.1.9
Focal Impaired Awareness (Complex Partial)
372.1.10
Absence (Petit Mal)
372.1.11
Myoclonic
372.1.12
Atonic (Drop Attacks)
372.1.13
Tonic
372.1.14
Children
372.1.15
Adults (Young)
372.1.16
Adults (Older)
372.1.17
Provoked (Acute Symptomatic)
372.1.18
Unprovoked
372.1.19
History
372.1.20
Examination
372.1.21
Investigations
372.1.22
Distinguish from Mimics
372.1.23
Choice by Seizure Type
372.1.24
Adverse Effects to Know
372.1.25
Pregnancy
372.1.26
Withdrawal of ASMs
372.2
𩺠åèç
372.2.1
é«é »èé»
372.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
372.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
372.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
372.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
372.3.4
Pearls
372.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
372.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
372.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
372.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
373
Ch 372. Status Epilepticus
373.1
ð é«åžçç
373.1.1
Operational (ILAE 2015)
373.1.2
Practical Definition
373.1.3
Categories
373.1.4
Most Common
373.1.5
Stage 1: Stabilization (0-5 min)
373.1.6
Stage 2: First-Line â Benzodiazepines (5-20 min)
373.1.7
Stage 3: Second-Line ASM (20-40 min)
373.1.8
Stage 4: Refractory SE â Anesthesia (> 40 min)
373.1.9
Stage 5: Super-Refractory SE (> 24 hr)
373.1.10
Non-Convulsive SE (NCSE)
373.1.11
Epilepsia Partialis Continua
373.1.12
Absence SE
373.1.13
Anti-NMDA-R Encephalitis SE
373.1.14
Eclampsia
373.2
𩺠åèç
373.2.1
é«é »èé»
373.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
373.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
373.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
373.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
373.3.4
Pearls
373.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
373.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
373.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
373.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
374
Ch 373. Coma and Altered Consciousness
374.1
ð é«åžçç
374.1.1
Consciousness
374.1.2
Spectrum
374.1.3
Persistent Disorders
374.1.4
1. Bilateral Cerebral Hemispheric Dysfunction
374.1.5
2. Brainstem Dysfunction (RAS)
374.1.6
Unilateral Hemispheric
374.1.7
General
374.1.8
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
374.1.9
Pupils
374.1.10
Eye Movements
374.1.11
Motor Response
374.1.12
Brainstem Reflexes
374.1.13
Breathing Patterns
374.1.14
Initial (Often Simultaneous with Exam)
374.1.15
Empiric Therapy in Coma
374.1.16
Imaging
374.1.17
LP
374.1.18
EEG
374.1.19
Additional
374.1.20
Opioid Overdose
374.1.21
Hypoglycemia
374.1.22
Hepatic Encephalopathy
374.1.23
Uremic Encephalopathy
374.1.24
Wernicke Encephalopathy
374.1.25
Post-Anoxic Coma
374.1.26
Septic Encephalopathy
374.1.27
CO2 Narcosis
374.1.28
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
374.2
𩺠åèç
374.2.1
é«é »èé»
374.2.2
Brain Herniation Syndromes
374.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
374.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
374.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
374.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
374.3.4
Pearls
374.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
374.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
374.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
374.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
375
Ch 374. Brain Death and Disorders of Consciousness
375.1
ð é«åžçç
375.1.1
Concept
375.1.2
History
375.1.3
Establish Irreversibility
375.1.4
Exclude Confounders
375.1.5
1. Coma
375.1.6
2. Absent Brainstem Reflexes
375.1.7
3. Apnea Test
375.1.8
Number of Examinations
375.1.9
Examiner Qualifications
375.1.10
When to Use
375.1.11
Tests
375.1.12
Spinal Reflexes
375.1.13
Pediatric
375.1.14
Newborns + Premature
375.1.15
Therapeutic Hypothermia
375.1.16
Ethical Framework
375.1.17
Donation After Brain Death (DBD)
375.1.18
Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD)
375.1.19
Brain Death Maintenance
375.1.20
Approach
375.1.21
Religious Objections
375.1.22
Coma
375.1.23
Vegetative State (UWS â Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome)
375.1.24
Minimally Conscious State (MCS)
375.1.25
Locked-In Syndrome
375.1.26
Akinetic Mutism
375.1.27
Covert Consciousness
375.2
𩺠åèç
375.2.1
é«é »èé»
375.2.2
Pediatric Considerations
375.2.3
Organ Donation Brief
375.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
375.3.1
Recent Updates
375.3.2
Mechanistic Deep Dive
375.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
375.3.4
Pearls
375.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
375.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
375.4.2
ð æ²»çç²ŸèŠ (é©çšæŒ brain death management for organ donation)
375.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
376
Ch 375. Confusional States and Delirium
376.1
ð é«åžçç
376.1.1
Core Features
376.1.2
Hallmark
376.1.3
Hyperactive (25%)
376.1.4
Hypoactive (50%)
376.1.5
Mixed (25%)
376.1.6
Medications (Most Common Cause)
376.1.7
Infection
376.1.8
Metabolic
376.1.9
Withdrawal
376.1.10
Hypoxia, Hypercapnia
376.1.11
Stroke, TBI, Subdural Hematoma, Seizure (Post-Ictal)
376.1.12
Surgery + Anesthesia
376.1.13
ICU Factors
376.1.14
Other
376.1.15
Tools
376.1.16
History
376.1.17
Exam
376.1.18
Labs
376.1.19
Imaging + Specialized
376.1.20
Delirium vs Dementia
376.1.21
Delirium Superimposed on Dementia
376.1.22
Other Differentials
376.1.23
Non-Pharmacologic (FIRST-LINE)
376.1.24
Pharmacologic (LAST RESORT)
376.1.25
Special Situations
376.2
𩺠åèç
376.2.1
é«é »èé»
376.2.2
Specific Causes
376.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
376.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
376.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
376.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
376.3.4
Pearls
376.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
376.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
376.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
376.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
377
Ch 376. Cerebrovascular Diseases: Ischemic Stroke
377.1
ð é«åžçç
377.1.1
1. Large-Artery Atherosclerosis (20-25%)
377.1.2
2. Cardioembolic (20-30%)
377.1.3
3. Small-Vessel (Lacunar) (20-25%)
377.1.4
4. Other Determined Etiology (5%)
377.1.5
5. Cryptogenic (25-30%)
377.1.6
Anterior Circulation
377.1.7
Posterior Circulation
377.1.8
Lacunar Syndromes
377.1.9
Time is Brain
377.1.10
Initial Assessment
377.1.11
Imaging
377.1.12
Labs
377.1.13
Other
377.1.14
IV Thrombolysis
377.1.15
Mechanical Thrombectomy
377.1.16
Basilar Artery Occlusion
377.1.17
Acute Blood Pressure
377.1.18
Other Acute Care
377.1.19
Hemicraniectomy (Malignant MCA)
377.1.20
Antiplatelet (Non-Cardioembolic)
377.1.21
Anticoagulation (Cardioembolic)
377.1.22
Statin
377.1.23
BP Control
377.1.24
Diabetes
377.1.25
Lifestyle
377.1.26
Carotid Intervention
377.1.27
PFO Closure
377.1.28
Atrial Fibrillation Detection
377.1.29
Acute Hospitalization
377.1.30
Rehabilitation
377.1.31
Depression
377.1.32
Long-Term
377.2
𩺠åèç
377.2.1
é«é »èé»
377.2.2
Specific Causes
377.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
377.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
377.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
377.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
377.3.4
Pearls
377.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
377.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
377.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
377.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
378
Ch 377. Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
378.1
ð é«åžçç
378.1.1
Epidemiology
378.1.2
Etiology by Location
378.1.3
Presentation
378.1.4
Diagnosis
378.1.5
Acute Management
378.1.6
Prognosis
378.1.7
Epidemiology
378.1.8
Etiology
378.1.9
Presentation
378.1.10
Examination
378.1.11
Diagnosis
378.1.12
Grading Scales
378.1.13
Acute Management
378.1.14
Prognosis
378.2
𩺠åèç
378.2.1
é«é »èé»
378.2.2
Specific Conditions
378.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
378.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
378.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
378.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
378.3.4
Pearls
378.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
378.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
378.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
378.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
379
Ch 378. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
379.1
ð é«åžçç
379.1.1
Epidemiology
379.1.2
Risk Factors
379.1.3
Presentation
379.1.4
Locations
379.1.5
Diagnosis
379.1.6
Treatment
379.1.7
Prognosis
379.1.8
Definition
379.1.9
Why Urgent?
379.1.10
ABCD2 Score (Predicts 2-day Stroke Risk)
379.1.11
Workup (Urgent, Within 24-48 hr)
379.1.12
Management
379.2
𩺠åèç
379.2.1
é«é »èé»
379.2.2
Specific Issues
379.2.3
TIA Mimics
379.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
379.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
379.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
379.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
379.3.4
Pearls
379.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
379.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
379.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
379.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
380
Ch 379. Parkinson Disease (PD)
380.1
ð é«åžçç
380.1.1
Tremor
380.1.2
Rigidity
380.1.3
Akinesia/Bradykinesia
380.1.4
Postural Instability (Later)
380.1.5
Other Motor
380.1.6
Prodromal (Years Before Motor)
380.1.7
During Disease
380.1.8
MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria (2015)
380.1.9
Imaging
380.1.10
Levodopa (Gold Standard)
380.1.11
Dopamine Agonists
380.1.12
MAO-B Inhibitors
380.1.13
COMT Inhibitors
380.1.14
Amantadine
380.1.15
Anticholinergics
380.1.16
Cognitive
380.1.17
Psychosis
380.1.18
Depression
380.1.19
Orthostatic Hypotension
380.1.20
Sialorrhea
380.1.21
REM Behavior Disorder
380.1.22
Constipation
380.1.23
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
380.1.24
Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG)
380.1.25
Foslevodopa-Foscarbidopa SC Infusion (Vyalev)
380.1.26
Apomorphine
380.1.27
Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)
380.1.28
Other
380.2
𩺠åèç
380.2.1
é«é »èé»
380.2.2
Specific Treatment Pitfalls
380.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
380.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
380.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
380.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
380.3.4
Pearls
380.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
380.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
380.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
380.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
381
Ch 380. Atypical Parkinsonism (MSA, PSP, CBD)
381.1
ð é«åžçç
381.1.1
Synucleinopathies
381.1.2
Tauopathies
381.1.3
Other Parkinsonism
381.1.4
Features
381.1.5
Pathology
381.1.6
Diagnosis
381.1.7
Treatment
381.1.8
Features
381.1.9
Variants
381.1.10
Pathology
381.1.11
Diagnosis
381.1.12
Treatment
381.1.13
Features
381.1.14
Variants
381.1.15
Pathology
381.1.16
Diagnosis
381.1.17
Treatment
381.2
𩺠åèç
381.2.1
é«é »èé»
381.2.2
Distinguishing
381.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
381.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
381.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
381.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
381.3.4
Pearls
381.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
381.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
381.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
381.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
382
Ch 381. Alzheimer Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
382.1
ð é«åžçç
382.1.1
Hallmarks
382.1.2
Braak Staging
382.1.3
Amyloid Hypothesis
382.1.4
Non-Modifiable
382.1.5
Modifiable
382.1.6
Cognitive Domains
382.1.7
BPSD (Behavioral + Psychological Symptoms)
382.1.8
Atypical Presentations
382.1.9
NIA-AA 2024 Revision
382.1.10
Biomarkers
382.1.11
Cognitive Tests
382.1.12
Imaging
382.1.13
Definition
382.1.14
Subtypes
382.1.15
Progression
382.1.16
Symptomatic
382.1.17
Disease-Modifying (ANTI-AMYLOID mAbs)
382.1.18
Other
382.1.19
BPSD
382.2
𩺠åèç
382.2.1
é«é »èé»
382.2.2
Specific Issues
382.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
382.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
382.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
382.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
382.3.4
Pearls
382.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
382.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
382.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
382.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
383
Ch 382. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
383.1
ð é«åžçç
383.1.1
1. Behavioral Variant FTD (bvFTD) â Most Common
383.1.2
2. Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
383.1.3
3. FTD-Motor Overlap
383.1.4
Categories
383.1.5
Genetics
383.1.6
No Disease-Modifying
383.1.7
Symptomatic + Supportive
383.2
𩺠åèç
383.2.1
é«é »èé»
383.2.2
Specific Features
383.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
383.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
383.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
383.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
383.3.4
Pearls
383.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
383.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
383.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
383.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
384
Ch 383. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
384.1
ð é«åžçç
384.1.1
Supportive Clinical
384.1.2
Clinical Criteria (McKeith 2017)
384.1.3
Indicative Biomarkers
384.1.4
Supportive Biomarkers
384.1.5
Cognitive
384.1.6
Visual Hallucinations
384.1.7
Parkinsonism
384.1.8
RBD
384.1.9
Autonomic Dysfunction
384.1.10
Spectrum
384.1.11
Subtypes
384.1.12
Clinical Features
384.1.13
Diagnosis
384.1.14
Treatment
384.2
𩺠åèç
384.2.1
é«é »èé»
384.2.2
Specific Issues
384.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
384.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
384.3.2
Recent Trials & Updates
384.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
384.3.4
Pearls
384.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
384.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
384.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
384.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
385
Ch 384. Prion Disease and Rare Causes of Dementia
385.1
ð é«åžçç
385.1.1
Pathophysiology
385.1.2
Classification
385.1.3
Sporadic CJD Features
385.1.4
Variant CJD (vCJD)
385.1.5
Diagnosis
385.1.6
Treatment
385.1.7
Classification (Frascati Criteria 2007)
385.1.8
Epidemiology
385.1.9
Features
385.1.10
Treatment
385.2
𩺠åèç
385.2.1
é«é »èé»
385.2.2
Rapidly Progressive Dementia DDx
385.2.3
Specific Topics
385.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
385.3.1
Mechanistic Deep Dive
385.3.2
Recent Updates
385.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
385.3.4
Pearls
385.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
385.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
385.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
385.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
386
Ch 385. Approach to the Patient with Dementia (倱æºçè©äŒ°æµçš)
386.1
ð é«åžçç
386.1.1
å€±æº (Dementia) vs è«åŠ (Delirium) vs æ鬱 (Depression) vs MCI
386.1.2
äž»èŠå€±æºé¡å (äŸå°ç£çè¡ç)
386.1.3
åé¡å€±æºçéå¥èŠé» (Clinical Pearls)
386.1.4
èªç¥æž¬é©
386.1.5
æšæºè¡æ¶²æª¢æ¥ (ææ倱æºéœèŠå)
386.1.6
ç¥ç¶åœ±å
386.1.7
é²éçç©æšèš (æéèŠ)
386.2
𩺠åèç
386.2.1
é«é »èé»
386.2.2
éå¥èŠé»
386.2.3
éèŠæºéè°é¡
386.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
386.3.1
é²éè©äŒ°
386.3.2
è¿æéèŠé²å± (2023-2024)
386.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
386.3.4
Pearls
386.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
386.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
386.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
386.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
387
Ch 386. Multiple Sclerosis (MS, å€çŒæ§ç¡¬åç)
387.1
ð é«åžçç
387.1.1
埩çŒç·©è§£å (RRMS, Relapsing-Remitting MS) ~ 85%
387.1.2
çºçŒé²è¡å (SPMS, Secondary Progressive MS)
387.1.3
åçŒé²è¡å (PPMS, Primary Progressive MS) ~ 10-15%
387.1.4
èšåºå€ç«çå矀 (CIS, Clinically Isolated Syndrome)
387.1.5
æŸå°å€ç«çå矀 (RIS, Radiologically Isolated Syndrome)
387.1.6
èŠç¥ç¶ç (Optic Neuritis) â æåžžèŠåå§çç
387.1.7
èé«ç (Transverse Myelitis)
387.1.8
è Šå¹¹ / å°è Šçå矀
387.1.9
Lhermitte 埵
387.1.10
Uhthoff çŸè±¡
387.1.11
å ¶ä»åžžèŠçç
387.1.12
空éæ£åž (DIS)
387.1.13
æéæ£åž (DIT)
387.1.14
確蚺æšæº (ç°¡å)
387.1.15
PPMS 蚺æ·
387.1.16
MRI (æéèŠ)
387.1.17
CSF
387.1.18
Evoked Potentials
387.1.19
æœè¡æé€å ¶ä»åå
387.1.20
æ¥æ§çŒäœ (Relapse)
387.1.21
Disease-Modifying Therapy (DMT) â é©åœæ§é²å± 2020-2024
387.1.22
å°çæ²»ç
387.2
𩺠åèç
387.2.1
é«é »èé»
387.2.2
éèŠåå¥
387.2.3
Pearls
387.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
387.3.1
æ©èœæ·±å ¥
387.3.2
ææ°æ²»ç (2020-2024)
387.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
387.3.4
Pearls
387.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
387.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
387.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
387.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
388
Ch 387. NMOSD, MOGAD, ADEM and Related Demyelinating Diseases (ç¥ç¶èé«èŠç¥ç¶çèç³»éç€èçžéè«é«éç)
388.1
ð é«åžçç
388.1.1
6 åæ žå¿èšåºè¡šçŸ (Core Clinical Characteristics)
388.1.2
èšåºç¹é»
388.1.3
2015 åé蚺æ·æšæº (Wingerchuk Criteria)
388.1.4
éèŠå·¥å ·
388.1.5
æ¥æ§çŒäœ
388.1.6
é é² (Maintenance) â ééµ
388.1.7
æ¬è³ª
388.1.8
èšåºè¡šçŸ
388.1.9
ç çš
388.1.10
蚺æ·
388.1.11
æ²»ç
388.1.12
æ¬è³ª
388.1.13
è¡šçŸ
388.1.14
æ²»ç
388.2
𩺠åèç
388.2.1
é«é »èé»
388.2.2
éèŠéå¥
388.2.3
Pearls
388.3
ð¥ å §ç§å°ç§èåç
388.3.1
æ©èœæ·±å ¥
388.3.2
è¿æéèŠé²å±
388.3.3
High-Yield Specialist Points
388.3.4
Pearls
388.4
ð ç« æ«éèš Summary
388.4.1
ð äžå¥è©±çžœçµ
388.4.2
ð æ²»ç粟èŠ
388.4.3
ð¯ ç§é«åž«çèåæé
XI PART 12 å §åæ³åžèä»£è¬ Endocrinology and Metabolism
389
Ch 388. Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disorders
389.1
ð é«åžçç
389.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
389.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
390
Ch 389. Mechanisms of Hormone Action
390.1
ð é«åžçç
390.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
390.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
391
Ch 390. Physiology of Anterior Pituitary Hormones
391.1
ð é«åžçç
391.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
391.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
392
Ch 391. Hypopituitarism
392.1
ð é«åžçç
392.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
392.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
393
Ch 392. Pituitary Tumor Syndromes
393.1
ð é«åžçç
393.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
393.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
394
Ch 393. Disorders of the Neurohypophysis
394.1
ð é«åžçç
394.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
394.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
395
Ch 394. Thyroid Gland Physiology and Testing
395.1
ð é«åžçç
395.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
395.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
396
Ch 395. Hypothyroidism
396.1
ð é«åžçç
396.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
396.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
397
Ch 396. Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
397.1
ð é«åžçç
397.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
397.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
398
Ch 397. Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer
398.1
ð é«åžçç
398.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
398.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
399
Ch 398. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
399.1
ð é«åžçç
399.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
399.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
400
Ch 399. Pheochromocytoma
400.1
ð é«åžçç
400.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
400.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
401
Ch 400. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
401.1
ð é«åžçç
401.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
401.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
402
Ch 401. Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes
402.1
ð é«åžçç
402.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
402.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
403
Ch 402. Sex Development
403.1
ð é«åžçç
403.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
403.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
404
Ch 403. Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System
404.1
ð é«åžçç
404.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
404.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
405
Ch 404. Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
405.1
ð é«åžçç
405.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
405.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
406
Ch 405. Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain
406.1
ð é«åžçç
406.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
406.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
407
Ch 406. Hirsutism
407.1
ð é«åžçç
407.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
407.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
408
Ch 407. Menopause and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy
408.1
ð é«åžçç
408.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
408.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
409
Ch 408. Infertility and Contraception
409.1
ð é«åžçç
409.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
409.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
410
Ch 409. Sexual Dysfunction
410.1
ð é«åžçç
410.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
410.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
411
Ch 410. Womenâs Health
411.1
ð é«åžçç
411.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
411.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
412
Ch 411. Menâs Health
412.1
ð é«åžçç
412.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
412.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
413
Ch 412. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and More (LGBTQIA+) Health
413.1
ð é«åžçç
413.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
413.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
414
Ch 413. Pathobiology of Obesity
414.1
ð é«åžçç
414.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
414.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
415
Ch 414. Evaluation and Management of Obesity
415.1
ð é«åžçç
415.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
415.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
416
Ch 415. Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Classification, and Pathophysiology
416.1
ð é«åžçç
416.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
416.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
417
Ch 416. Diabetes Mellitus: Management and Therapies
417.1
ð é«åžçç
417.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
417.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
418
Ch 417. Diabetes Mellitus: Complications
418.1
ð é«åžçç
418.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
418.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
419
Ch 418. Hypoglycemia
419.1
ð é«åžçç
419.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
419.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
420
Ch 419. Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
420.1
ð é«åžçç
420.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
420.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
421
Ch 420. The Metabolic Syndrome
421.1
ð é«åžçç
421.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
421.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
422
Ch 421. Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease
422.1
ð é«åžçç
422.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
422.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
423
Ch 422. Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis
423.1
ð é«åžçç
423.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
423.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
424
Ch 423. Osteoporosis
424.1
ð é«åžçç
424.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
424.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
425
Ch 424. Pagetâs Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone
425.1
ð é«åžçç
425.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
425.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
426
Ch 425. Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
426.1
ð é«åžçç
426.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
426.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
427
Ch 426. Hemochromatosis
427.1
ð é«åžçç
427.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
427.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
428
Ch 427. Wilsonâs Disease
428.1
ð é«åžçç
428.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
428.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
429
Ch 428. The Porphyrias
429.1
ð é«åžçç
429.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
429.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
430
Ch 429. Lysosomal Storage Diseases
430.1
ð é«åžçç
430.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
430.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
431
Ch 430. Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
431.1
ð é«åžçç
431.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
431.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
432
Ch 431. Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults
432.1
ð é«åžçç
432.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
432.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
433
Ch 432. Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport
433.1
ð é«åžçç
433.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
433.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
434
Ch 433. Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
434.1
ð é«åžçç
434.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
434.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
435
Ch 434. Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders
435.1
ð é«åžçç
435.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
435.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
436
Ch 435. Pathobiology of Neurologic Diseases
436.1
ð é«åžçç
436.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
436.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
437
Ch 436. Seizures and Epilepsy
437.1
ð é«åžçç
437.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
437.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
438
Ch 437. Introduction to Cerebrovascular Diseases
438.1
ð é«åžçç
438.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
438.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
439
Ch 438. Ischemic Stroke
439.1
ð é«åžçç
439.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
439.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
440
Ch 439. Intracerebral Hemorrhage
440.1
ð é«åžçç
440.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
440.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
441
Ch 440. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
441.1
ð é«åžçç
441.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
441.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
442
Ch 441. Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders
442.1
ð é«åžçç
442.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
442.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
443
Ch 442. Alzheimerâs Disease
443.1
ð é«åžçç
443.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
443.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
444
Ch 443. Frontotemporal Dementia
444.1
ð é«åžçç
444.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
444.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
445
Ch 444. Vascular Dementia
445.1
ð é«åžçç
445.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
445.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
446
Ch 445. Dementia with Lewy Bodies
446.1
ð é«åžçç
446.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
446.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
447
Ch 446. Parkinsonâs Disease
447.1
ð é«åžçç
447.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
447.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
448
Ch 447. Tremor, Chorea, and Other Movement Disorders
448.1
ð é«åžçç
448.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
448.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
449
Ch 448. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
449.1
ð é«åžçç
449.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
449.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
450
Ch 449. Prion Diseases
450.1
ð é«åžçç
450.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
450.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
451
Ch 450. Ataxic Disorders
451.1
ð é«åžçç
451.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
451.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
452
Ch 451. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
452.1
ð é«åžçç
452.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
452.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
453
Ch 452. Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bellâs Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
453.1
ð é«åžçç
453.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
453.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
454
Ch 453. Diseases of the Spinal Cord
454.1
ð é«åžçç
454.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
454.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
455
Ch 454. Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries
455.1
ð é«åžçç
455.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
455.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
456
Ch 455. Multiple Sclerosis
456.1
ð é«åžçç
456.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
456.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
457
Ch 456. Neuromyelitis Optica
457.1
ð é«åžçç
457.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
457.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
458
Ch 457. Peripheral Neuropathy
458.1
ð é«åžçç
458.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
458.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
459
Ch 458. Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies
459.1
ð é«åžçç
459.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
459.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
460
Ch 459. Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction
460.1
ð é«åžçç
460.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
460.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
461
Ch 460. Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases
461.1
ð é«åžçç
461.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
461.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
462
Ch 461. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
462.1
ð é«åžçç
462.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
462.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
463
Ch 462. Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
463.1
ð é«åžçç
463.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
463.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
464
Ch 463. Psychiatric Disorders
464.1
ð é«åžçç
464.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
464.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
465
Ch 464. Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorders
465.1
ð é«åžçç
465.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
465.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
466
Ch 465. Nicotine Addiction
466.1
ð é«åžçç
466.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
466.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
467
Ch 466. Cannabis and Cannabis Use Disorder
467.1
ð é«åžçç
467.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
467.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
468
Ch 467. Opioid-Related Disorders
468.1
ð é«åžçç
468.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
468.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
469
Ch 468. Cocaine, Other Psychostimulants, and Hallucinogens
469.1
ð é«åžçç
469.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
469.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
470
Ch 469. Heavy Metal Poisoning
470.1
ð é«åžçç
470.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
470.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
471
Ch 470. Poisoning and Drug Overdose
471.1
ð é«åžçç
471.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
471.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
472
Ch 471. Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and Marine Animal Exposures
472.1
ð é«åžçç
472.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
472.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
473
Ch 472. Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Injuries
473.1
ð é«åžçç
473.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
473.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
474
Ch 473. Health Effects of Climate Change
474.1
ð é«åžçç
474.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
474.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
475
Ch 474. Climate Change and Infectious Disease
475.1
ð é«åžçç
475.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
475.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
476
Ch 475. Altitude Illness
476.1
ð é«åžçç
476.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
476.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
477
Ch 476. Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine
477.1
ð é«åžçç
477.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
477.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
478
Ch 477. Hypothermia and Peripheral Cold Injuries
478.1
ð é«åžçç
478.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
478.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
479
Ch 478. Heat-Related Illnesses
479.1
ð é«åžçç
479.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
479.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
480
Ch 479. Principles of Human Genetics
480.1
ð é«åžçç
480.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
480.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
481
Ch 480. The Integration of Inherited Genetics into Clinical Practice
481.1
ð é«åžçç
481.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
481.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
482
Ch 481. Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
482.1
ð é«åžçç
482.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
482.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
483
Ch 482. Telomere Disease
483.1
ð é«åžçç
483.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
483.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
484
Ch 483. Gene and Cell-Based Therapy in Clinical Medicine
484.1
ð é«åžçç
484.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
484.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
485
Ch 484. The Human Microbiome in Health and Disease
485.1
ð é«åžçç
485.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
485.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
486
Ch 485. Global Issues in Medicine
486.1
ð é«åžçç
486.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
486.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
487
Ch 486. Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases
487.1
ð é«åžçç
487.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
487.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
488
Ch 487. Primary Care and Global Health
488.1
ð é«åžçç
488.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
488.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
489
Ch 488. Biology of Aging
489.1
ð é«åžçç
489.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
489.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
490
Ch 489. Caring for the Geriatric PatientïŒé«éœ¡ç §è·ïŒ
490.1
ð é«åžçç
490.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
490.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
491
Ch 490. Approach to Medical Consultation
491.1
ð é«åžçç
491.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
491.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
492
Ch 491. Medical Disorders During Pregnancy
492.1
ð é«åžçç
492.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
492.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
493
Ch 492. Medical Evaluation of the Patient Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
493.1
ð é«åžçç
493.2
ð åèçïŒé«åž«åè / PGY OSCEïŒ
493.3
ð©º å §ç§å°ç§èåç
Built with bookdown
Harrisonâs Principles of Internal Medicine 22E â äžé段èªåžææ
124.4
ð ç« æ«éèš
Who, Where, Why
Cultures BEFORE antibiotics
Sepsis 1-hr bundle
PCT > 0.5 â bacterial
qSOFA ⥠2 â high risk
Source control äžå¯ç