21.2 📚 國考版(醫師國考 / PGY OSCE)

M6 / PGY 國考衝刺。皮疹 morphology 對應病原是必考。


21.2.0.1 📌 一頁重點整理 (Cram Sheet)

21.2.0.1.1 🔥 高 yield 12 條
  1. 5 致命:Meningococcemia / RMSF / TSS / SJS-TEN / Nec fasc
  2. Petechial + fever 必 cover meningococcemia
  3. RMSF 早期 doxycycline 救命(即使 children)
  4. TSS triad:fever + 紅疹 + shock + 多器官 + 1-2 週脫皮
  5. SJS/TEN:drug + Nikolsky + 黏膜
  6. Nec fasc:pain out of proportion + crepitus → 立刻 OR
  7. 掌心腳底紅疹:syphilis / RMSF / hand-foot-mouth / Kawasaki
  8. Measles 3C + Koplik spots
  9. EBV + amoxicillin = morbilliform rash(不是過敏)
  10. **HLA-B*1502 + carbamazepine**(亞洲族群 SJS)
  11. Erythema nodosum 5 病因:Strep, TB, sarcoid, IBD, Behcet
  12. Disseminated gonococcemia:fever + tenosynovitis + hemorrhagic pustules
21.2.0.1.2 🔢 必背數字
項目 數字
Meningococcal antibiotic timing < 30 min
RMSF mortality 不治 ~25%
RMSF 治療藥 Doxycycline 100 mg bid 5-7 天
Doxycycline pediatric in RMSF OK use(benefit > risk)
TSS surface change 1-2 週 desquamation
SJS body surface < 10%
TEN body surface > 30%
Nec fasc mortality 25-40%
Nec fasc time to OR 立刻
21.2.0.1.3 ⚠️ 易錯陷阱
  • Petechial 當「瘀青」(漏 meningococcemia
  • RMSF 等檢驗(早期 empiric doxycycline
  • SJS/TEN 不停藥
  • Nec fasc 等 CT
  • Doxycycline 不給 children(RMSF 例外,給
  • Meningococcal contact 不 prophylaxis

21.2.0.2 ⭐ 高 yield 摘要

21.2.0.2.1 5 大致命 Fever + Rash 對照
病原 皮疹 處置關鍵
Meningococcemia N. meningitidis Petechiae → purpura < 30 min ceftriaxone + ICU + contact prophylaxis
RMSF R. rickettsii macular → petechial 從 wrists/ankles → palms/soles Doxycycline 立即 (< 5 d 救命)
TSS Staph TSST-1 / GAS diffuse erythroderma + 1-2 週 desquamation Source removal + clinda + IVIG
SJS/TEN Drug painful + Nikolsky + 大水疱 + 黏膜 停藥 + 燒傷 ICU
Nec fasc Polymicrobial / GAS / Vibrio dusky + bullae + crepitus 立刻 OR + 廣 antibiotic
21.2.0.2.2 皮疹 Morphology 對應
Morphology 代表
Maculopapular Measles, rubella, drug, EBV+amox, secondary syphilis, RMSF early
Petechial/Purpuric Meningococcemia, RMSF late, DIC, TTP, vasculitis, IE emboli
Erythematous diffuse Scarlet fever, TSS, drug erythroderma
Vesiculobullous VZV, HSV, SJS/TEN, smallpox/monkeypox
Pustular Disseminated gonococcemia, candidemia
Nodular Erythema nodosum, septic emboli
21.2.0.2.3 掌心腳底紅疹(特殊
  • Secondary syphilis
  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
  • Hand-foot-mouth disease (Coxsackie)
  • Kawasaki disease
  • Erythema multiforme
21.2.0.2.4 Viral Exanthem 細節
病原 特徵
Measles (rubeola) Paramyxovirus 3C + Koplik spots + 額頭起疹
Rubella (German measles) Togavirus mild fever + 後耳淋巴 + Forchheimer spots
Roseola (exanthem subitum) HHV-6 高燒 3 天退後出疹 (嬰兒)
Erythema infectiosum (5th disease) Parvovirus B19 兒童 slapped cheek
Hand-foot-mouth Coxsackie A16, EV-71 手腳口
Mononucleosis EBV sore throat + LAP + amox 後 rash
Chickenpox VZV dewdrops on rose petals + 不同期
Roseola HHV-6 high fever 3-4 days → rash after defervescence
21.2.0.2.5 Meningococcemia Workup
  • BC × 2
  • LP(如可)
  • DIC labs
  • 立即 antibiotic(ceftriaxone 2g or pen G)
  • ICU support
  • Contact prophylaxis: rifampin 600 mg bid × 2 days OR cipro 500 mg × 1 OR ceftriaxone 250 mg IM × 1
  • 通報 CDC / 衛福部
21.2.0.2.6 RMSF
  • Tick-borne (Rickettsia rickettsii)
  • Endemic:US southeastern, mountain west
  • 三聯:fever + headache + rash(rash 80%)
  • wrist/ankle macular → petechial → 蔓延掌心腳底
  • Treatmentdoxycycline 100 mg bid 5-7 天(即使小孩)
  • < 5 d empiric 救命
  • 5 d delay → mortality 大幅升

21.2.0.2.7 TSS(Staph vs Strep)
Staph TSS Strep TSS
病原 TSST-1 GAS pyrogenic exotoxin
Source Tampon, surgical wound Soft tissue infection (nec fasc)
Blood culture Often negative Often positive
Mortality 5% 30-70%
Antibiotic Vanco/β-lactam + clindamycin β-lactam + clindamycin

Clindamycin = toxin suppression(必加)

21.2.0.2.8 SJS / TEN
  • Drug-induced epidermal necrolysis
  • 5 culprit class: allopurinol, anti-epileptics, sulfa, NSAID, antibiotics
  • HLA
    • B*1502 + carbamazepine(亞洲)
    • B*5801 + allopurinol
    • B*5701 + abacavir
  • SCORTEN prognostic score
  • 處置:停藥 + 燒傷 ICU + IVIG/cyclosporine(emerging)
21.2.0.2.9 Necrotizing Fasciitis
  • 3 types
    • I: polymicrobial(DM, immunocomp)
    • II: GAS(年輕健康也)
    • III: Vibrio(海水 + 肝病)
  • LRINEC score ≥ 6 = 高度警覺
  • 「Pain out of proportion」+ crepitus + dusky = nec fasc
  • 處置:立刻 OR + vanco + pip-tazo + clindamycin
21.2.0.2.10 Erythema Nodosum 病因 (NODOSUM mnemonic)
  • NO cause(idiopathic)— 最多
  • Oral contraceptive
  • Drugs (sulfa)
  • Overseas travel(fungal endemic)
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Ulcerative colitis / IBD
  • Microbial: TB, Strep, Yersinia, Behcet

21.2.0.3 🏆 易混淆對照

21.2.0.3.1 Measles vs Rubella vs Roseola
Measles Rubella Roseola
病原 Paramyxovirus Togavirus HHV-6
Fever mild 高 3-4 天
Rash timing Fever 中 Fever 中 退燒後才出疹
Koplik spots +
後耳 LAP +
Severity High(complications) Mild(teratogenic) Mild(嬰兒)
21.2.0.3.2 TSS Staph vs Strep
  • Staph: tampon、TSST-1、BC -
  • Strep: GAS soft tissue infection (nec fasc)、BC +、mortality 高
21.2.0.3.3 Erythema Multiforme vs SJS
  • EM: target lesion、self-limited、HSV trigger常見
  • SJS: drug、severe、Nikolsky、黏膜
21.2.0.3.4 Petechial Causes
  • Bacterial: meningococcal, RMSF, IE
  • Hematologic: ITP, TTP, DIC
  • Vasculitis: HSP, GPA
  • Trauma

21.2.0.4 📝 過去考題類型

21.2.0.4.1 必考
  • 5 致命 fever + rash + 處置
  • 掌心腳底紅疹 4 病
  • Measles + Koplik spots
  • HHV-6 = roseola(退燒後出疹)
  • EBV + amox = morbilliform
  • HLA-B*1502 + carbamazepine
  • TSS Staph vs Strep
  • Doxycycline for RMSF(即使小孩)
21.2.0.4.2 OSCE
  • Skin exam + morphology
  • Drug history(onset 7-14 天)
  • Tick exposure
  • Viral exanthem distinction
21.2.0.4.3 陷阱題
  • Petechial 當瘀青
  • Doxycycline 不給小孩 RMSF
  • SJS 不停藥
  • Nec fasc 等影像

21.2.0.5 🎯 自我檢測

  1. Q:5 致命 fever + rash? A:Meningococcemia / RMSF / TSS / SJS-TEN / Nec fasc

  2. Q:掌心腳底紅疹 4 病? A:Secondary syphilis / RMSF / Hand-foot-mouth / Kawasaki

  3. Q:Roseola 病原 + 特徵? A:HHV-6;高燒 3-4 天退後才出疹(嬰兒)

  4. Q:Koplik spots 病? A:Measles

  5. Q:EBV + amoxicillin 出疹是過敏嗎? A不是真過敏,是 morbilliform 反應;以後 EBV cleared 可重用

  6. Q:Measles 3C? A:Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis(+ Koplik spots)

  7. Q:Nec fasc Type II 病原? A:Group A Streptococcus(GAS)

  8. Q:Carbamazepine SJS 在亞洲族群相關 HLA? A:HLA-B*1502

  9. Q:Meningococcal contact prophylaxis 3 選項? A:Rifampin / Ciprofloxacin / Ceftriaxone IM

  10. Q:TSS clindamycin 為何加? A:抑制 toxin synthesis(不是直接殺菌)


21.2.0.6 📚 想深入請看


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