362.2 🩺 國考版

362.2.1 高頻考點

362.2.1.1 Onset Patterns

  • Sudden: vascular, seizure
  • Hours-days: infection
  • Weeks: tumor, autoimmune
  • Months-years: degenerative
  • Fluctuating: NMJ
  • Relapsing-remitting: MS

362.2.1.2 UMN vs LMN Distinction

  • UMN: ↑ tone, ↑ reflexes, Babinski, atrophy late
  • LMN: ↓ tone, ↓ reflexes, atrophy early, fasciculations

362.2.1.3 GCS

  • E (1-4) + V (1-5) + M (1-6) = 3-15

362.2.1.4 CT Indications

  • Acute hemorrhage
  • Trauma
  • Bone

362.2.1.5 MRI Sequences

  • T1: anatomy
  • T2: pathology
  • FLAIR: lesions, MS
  • DWI: stroke
  • T2*/SWI: microbleeds
  • Gadolinium: enhancement

362.2.1.6 CSF Patterns

  • Bacterial: ↑↑ PMN, ↑↑ protein, ↓ glucose
  • Viral: ↑ lymphs, ↑ mild, normal
  • TB: ↑ lymphs, ↑↑ protein, ↓ glucose
  • MS: OCB
  • GBS: albuminocytologic dissociation

362.2.1.7 EMG Patterns

  • Axonal: ↓ amplitude
  • Demyelinating: ↓ conduction velocity, conduction block

362.2.1.8 Cortical Localization

  • Frontal: behavior, executive, expressive language (Broca)
  • Parietal: sensory, neglect (right)
  • Temporal: memory, receptive language (Wernicke)
  • Occipital: vision

362.2.1.9 Brainstem Localization

  • Crossed signs (CN one side, body other)
  • Pupil + eye movements + consciousness

362.2.1.10 Spinal Cord Levels

  • C4 below: phrenic, respiration
  • C5: shoulder/elbow flexion
  • C6: wrist extension
  • C7: elbow extension
  • C8: finger flexion
  • T1: finger abduction
  • L2-L4: hip flexion, knee extension
  • L5: dorsiflexion
  • S1: plantarflexion