8.2 ๐ ๅ่็๏ผ้ซๅธซๅ่ / PGY OSCE๏ผ
ๅฐ่ฑก๏ผM6 / PGY ๅ่ๅใๆฌ็ซ OSCE ็ซๅธธ่ PE EBM ๆ็จใ
8.2.0.1 ๐ ไธ้ ้้ปๆด็ (Cram Sheet)
8.2.0.1.1 ๐ฅ ้ซ yield 6 ๆข
- PE 5 ๅคง้่ฆ็็ฑ๏ผๅฏไธ dx toolใๆน probใ็ผ็พไฝตๅญใ้ฒ errorใritual
- LR ๆๆ่ฆๅ๏ผLR 2/5/10 = +15/30/45%
- HINTS battery for vertigo๏ผperipheral โ stroke LR 0.02
- Heart failure ้ซ LR finding๏ผabdominojugular 8.0ใdisplaced apical 5.8ใS3 3.9
- Auscultatory percussion / ๅ็จฎ obscure manoeuvre ๅค abandon
- Bedside rules๏ผOttawa ankleใWells DVT/PEใAlvaradoใHeckerlingใprobe-to-bone
8.2.0.2 โญ ้ซ yield ๆ่ฆ
8.2.0.2.1 5 ๅ PE ้่ฆ็็ฑ
- ๅฏไธ่จบๆท๏ผParkinsonใALSใ็ฎ่ / ็ผ็งๅคๆธ
- ๆน่ฎ prob๏ผEBM PE manoeuvre + LR
- ็ผ็พไฝตๅญ๏ผnon-ไธป่จด finding๏ผacanthosisใgoiter๏ผ
- ้ฒ error๏ผmissed PE ่ด misdiagnosis
- Ritual๏ผ้ซ็ ไฟกไปป
8.2.0.2.2 LR Rule of Thumb (McGee)
| LR | ฮ probability |
|---|---|
| 2 | +15% |
| 5 | +30% |
| 10 | +45% |
| 0.5 | -15% |
| 0.2 | -30% |
| 0.1 | -45% |
8.2.0.2.3 Heart Failure PE LR
| Finding | LR |
|---|---|
| Positive abdominojugular | 8.0 |
| Displaced apical impulse | 5.8 |
| HR > 100 | 5.5 |
| S3 gallop | 3.9 |
8.2.0.2.4 Pneumonia PE LR
- Egophony 4.1ใpercussion dullness 3.6ใbronchial breath 3.3ใcrackles 2.8
8.2.0.2.5 Ascites PE LR
- Fluid wave 5.0ใedema present 3.8ใedema absent 0.2ใshifting dullness 2.3
8.2.0.2.6 HINTS Battery๏ผๅฟ ่๏ผ๏ผ
- Head Impulse test๏ผpositive corrective saccade = peripheral
- Direction-changing Nystagmus = central
- Test of Skew deviation positive = central
- ไธ้ ๅ จ peripheral โ posterior stroke LR 0.02
8.2.0.2.7 Bedside Rules
| ๆ ๅข | Rule | Negative โ LR |
|---|---|---|
| Ankle injury | Ottawa | 0.1 |
| DVT | Original Wells + D-dimer | 0.2 |
| Vertigo | HINTS peripheral | 0.02 |
| Appendicitis | Alvarado โค 4 | 0.1 |
| Pneumonia | Heckerling 0-1 | 0.3 |
| DM foot osteo | Probe-to-bone neg | 0.2 |
8.2.0.2.8 Pretest Probabilities
- Pneumonia (cough+fever)๏ผ22%
- PE (pleuritic chest pain)๏ผ25%
- DVT (calf pain/swelling)๏ผ25%
- Bacteremia (hospitalized fever)๏ผ18%
- Osteomyelitis (DM foot ulcer)๏ผ65%
8.2.0.3 ๐ ๆๆททๆทๅฐ็ ง
8.2.0.3.1 Sensitivity vs Specificity vs LR
- LR ๆดๅ sn ่ sp๏ผbedside ่ผๅฅฝ็จ
- LR+ = Sn / (1-Sp)
- LR- = (1-Sn) / Sp
8.2.0.4 ๐ข ๅฟ ่ๆฆๅฟต
- McGee LR rule๏ผ2/5/10 = +15/30/45%
- HF abdominojugular reflux LR 8.0๏ผๆ้ซไนไธ๏ผ
- HINTS peripheral LR 0.02๏ผๅผทๅผทๆ้ค stroke๏ผ
- Auenbrugger percussion 1761
- Laรซnnec stethoscope 1816
- ฮบ scale ๅ งๆถต
8.2.0.5 ๐ ้ๅป่้ก้กๅ
8.2.0.6 ๐ฏ ่ชๆๆชขๆธฌ
- Q: HINTS peripheral โ posterior stroke LR๏ผ A: 0.02๏ผๅผทๅผท rule out๏ผ
- Q: McGee rule LR 5 = ? A: +30% probability
- Q: HF ๆ้ซ LR finding๏ผ A: Positive abdominojugular reflux (LR 8.0)
- Q: Auenbrugger ็ผๆ percussion ๆฏๅชๅนด๏ผ A: 1761
- Q: PE 5 ๅคง้่ฆ็็ฑ๏ผ A: ๅฏไธ dxใๆน probใ็ผ็พไฝตๅญใ้ฒ errorใritual
- Q: ใUseful LRใthreshold๏ผ A: > 5 ๆ < 0.2 ๆฏ strong
- Q: ฮบ 0.6-0.8 ็ญ็ด๏ผ A: Substantial agreement
8.2.0.7 ๐ ๆณๆทฑๅ ฅ่ซ็
- ้ซๅญธ็ๆฆๅฟต โ Ch 8 medstudent.md
- ๅ งๅฐ่ๅ็ โ Ch 8 specialist.md
- Decision-Making โ Ch 4
- Harrison 22E ๅๆ โ Ch 8
โ ๏ธ AI ่็จฟ๏ผๆช็ถ็ง้ซๅธซ้ฉ่ญใ