197.3 🩺 內科專科考前版

197.3.0.1 1⃣ Empirical Acyclovir in Encephalitis

  • Don’t wait for PCR (24-48 hr turnaround)
  • Start within hours of presentation
  • Empirical: acyclovir + ceftriaxone + ampicillin + vancomycin + ± dex (cover bacterial meningitis + HSV)
  • Continue ≥ 14d if HSV PCR confirmed

197.3.0.2 2⃣ Repeat CSF PCR at End of Treatment

  • Controversial
  • Some advocate: persistent + → extend acyclovir
  • Most: clinical response guides duration; don’t routinely repeat unless concern

197.3.0.3 3⃣ Bell’s Palsy Workup

  • HSV-1 reactivation theorized in many idiopathic cases
  • Treatment: steroid (clearly beneficial, House-Brackmann recovery)
  • Antiviral (acyclovir / valacyclovir): mixed evidence; some advocate addition; minimal harm

197.3.0.4 4⃣ Genital HSV + Pregnancy Algorithm

  • Routine cervical PCR not necessary
  • Acyclovir 400 mg tid from 36 wk gestation in recurrent genital HSV
  • Cesarean if active genital lesions at delivery (visible vesicles/ulcers)
  • Counsel re neonatal HSV risk

197.3.0.5 5⃣ HSV-2 Suppression for Transmission

  • Daily valacyclovir 500 mg in HSV-2+ partner with HSV- partner
  • 50% transmission reduction
  • Combined with condom + abstinence during prodromal/active

197.3.0.6 6⃣ HSV + HIV Co-infection

  • Increased ulcer severity + frequency in HIV
  • HSV-2 ulcers ↑ HIV transmission
  • Suppression valacyclovir 1 g qd in HSV-2+ HIV-
  • ART improves HSV control

197.3.0.7 7⃣ HSV Encephalitis Sequelae

  • Long-term cognitive + behavioral changes
  • Memory deficit (temporal lobe)
  • Personality / mood changes
  • Hippocampal sclerosis
  • Rehabilitation, neuropsychology follow

197.3.0.8 8⃣ Pritelivir for Refractory Mucocutaneous

  • Helicase-primase inhibitor
  • Phase 3 trials for acyclovir-R immunocompromised
  • May replace foscarnet in this niche
  • Better tolerated

197.3.0.9 9⃣ HSV Vaccine Pipeline

  • gB2/gD2 subunit
  • mRNA candidates (Moderna, BioNTech)
  • Therapeutic (reduce recurrences) + prophylactic (prevent acquisition)
  • Phase 1-2 trials 2024+
  • Optimistic mid-2020s